Impaired energy metabolism is considered a possible cause of fatigue. The thiamine derivative, thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD), is prescribed and is also an over-the-counter drug for the attenuation of fatigue. It is readily absorbed from the intestinal tract and converted into thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which plays an important role as a cofactor for enzymes of metabolic pathwa...

Background: Sports, hypothermia and hyperthermia as some stressors inhibit male reproductive functions and are associated with subfertility or infertility. We investigated whether water temperature and chronic swimming are effective on mouse sperm parameters. Materials and Methods: Adult male mouse(N=35) were randomly divided into 7 groups: 1-controls 2-cold water (100C) with swimming 3- cold w...

In the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. The rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a Stoelting stereotaxic instrument. A stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. The third ventricular region was infus...

Background: Due to the unfavorable side effects of some commonly used chemical drugs, the trend in the public has shifted towards using herbal medicines to treat central nervous system disorders like depression. The present experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect of Marze (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge) essential oil on reserpine-induced depression in rats. Methods: In total, 48 mal...

The functional role of brain G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) remains unclear. We investigated GPR40 signaling in depression-related behavior in mice via the forced swim test. A repeated but not a single intracerebroventricular administration of the GPR40 agonist, GW9508, reduced the duration of immobility behavior. Moreover, the levels of hippocampal non-esterified docosahexaenoic acid an...

INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that a single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine exerts fast-acting antidepressant effects in patients and in animal models of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms are not totally understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute administration of different doses of ketamine on the immobility time of rats in the forced swimming test ...

The present study was designed to investigate the effect Hypericum Perforatum (HP), on behavioral changes, corticosterone, TNF-α levels and tryptophan metabolism and disposition in bilateral ovariectomized rats compared to 17α -ethinylestradiol. Behavioral analysis by measuring immobility time in forced swimming test and open field test, serum and hippocampal corticosterone and TNF-α along with...

in the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. the rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a stoelting stereotaxic instrument. a stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. the third ventricular region was infus...

The present study has been designed to find out the effects of forced swimming-induced oxidative stress imposition on primary and secondary sex organs and its protection by plant extract in male Wistar strain rats. This work has been designed to find out the scientific basis of the local use of the composite extract of root of Withania somnifera, leaf of Ocimum sanctum and rhizome of Zingiber o...