make or buy decision is one of the main areas of decision making for managers. transaction cost economics (tce), as an influential economic approach to the theory of the firm, tries to put forward a theoretical framework for this important decision. from tce perspective, the greater the asset specificity, the more the behavioral uncertainty and the more the transaction frequency, the more will ...

We use high frequency data on TV and radio advertising together with online sales data for lottery tickets to measure the short run effects of advertising. Advertisements remind consumers to buy a ticket. We find the effects of advertising to be strong and to last up to about 4 hours. They are the bigger the less time there is until the draw. Based on these findings, we point out a tradeoff the...

in this article, the effectiveness of eight different technical indexes including simple moving average, weighted moving average, exponential moving average, relative strength, commodity channel, stochastic, money flow and demand are examined by comparison between indexes returns with buy and hold returns. the results shows the return of buy and hold strategy is more than technical indexes in t...

In this dissertation we study two problems from the area of network design. The first part discusses the multicommodity buy-at-bulk network design problem, a problem that occurs naturally in the design of telecommunication and transportation networks. We are given an underlying graph and associated with each edge of the graph, a cost function that represents the price of routing demand along th...

BACKGROUND Understanding the different ways underage youth access tobacco is required in order to develop more effective tobacco access restrictions. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics that predict whether underage smoking youth buy their own cigarettes, buy their cigarettes from friends, or get someone else to buy their cigarettes. METHODS Logistic regression analyses w...

Formative assessment (FA) techniques, such as pre-class assignments, in-class activities, and post-class homework, have been shown to improve student learning. While many students find these techniques beneficial, some students may not understand how they support learning or may resist their implementation. Improving our understanding of FA buy-in has important implications, since buy-in can po...