conclusions the impact of sugars and other factors on biofilm formation can vary depending on the type of bacteria present. results results showed that the presence of sugars has no effect on the bacterial growth rate; all three concentrations of sugars were hydrophilic and demonstrated a high affinity toward binding to the surfaces. background bacteria utilize various methods in order to live ...

In this article, the fifth in a series reviewing the role of food workers in foodborne outbreaks, background information on the routes of infection for food workers is considered. Contamination most frequently occurs via the fecal-oral route, when pathogens are present in the feces of ill, convalescent, or otherwise colonized persons. It is difficult for managers of food operations to identify ...

This paper deals with the sliding-contact constraint equations describing the relative motion of two freeform surfaces, assuming that the surfaces can have arbitrary curvature in 3D space. The sliding-contact equations are developed either for the non-penetration condition and for the surface-tangency condition. Both are differentiated twice in time in order to allow a straightforward applicati...

The friction and adhesion between elastic bodies are strongly influenced by the roughness of the surfaces in contact. Here we develop a multiscale molecular dynamics approach to contact mechanics, which can be used also when the surfaces have roughness on many different length-scales, e.g., for self affine fractal surfaces. As an illustration we consider the contact between randomly rough surfa...