In addition to apicobasal polarization, some epithelia also display polarity within the plane of the epithelium. To what extent polarized endocytosis plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of planar cell polarity (PCP) is at present unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn-5), an evolutionarily conserved effector of the small GTPase Rab5, in the development of Dro...

Photoreceptors (R cells) in the Drosophila retina connect to targets in three distinct layers of the optic lobe of the brain: R1-R6 connect to the lamina, and R7 and R8 connect to distinct layers in the medulla. In each of these layers, R axon termini are arranged in evenly spaced topographic arrays. In a genetic screen for mutants with abnormal R cell connectivity, we recovered mutations in fl...

BACKGROUND Increased rates of overweight/obesity have been reported in recent years in developed countries. This population study of healthy subjects evaluated the changes in overweight/obesity prevalence in 2003, compared with 1993, and determined the association of age, sex and leisure-time activity with body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI). DESIGN Two ...

(1) Background: This study investigated the relevance of morning and evening energy and macronutrient intake during childhood for body composition in early adolescence; (2) Methods: Analyses were based on data from 372 DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study) participants. Explorative life-course plots were performed to examine whether morning or evening en...

The incidence of pyro-cumulonimbus (pyroCb) caused by extreme wildfires has increased markedly in Australia over the last several decades. This increase can be associated with a dangerous escalation wildfire risk and severe stratospheric pollution events. Atmospheric fuel conditions are important influences on pyroCb occurrence, but exact causal relationships still not well understood. We used ...

Abstract Understanding the fracture patterns of hydrocarbon reservoirs is vital in Zagros area southwest Iran as they are strongly affected by collision Arabian and Iranian plates. It essential to evaluate both primary secondary (fracture) porosity permeability understand fluid dynamics reservoirs. In this study, we adopted an integrated workflow assess influence various sets on heterogeneous c...

BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that weight gain in early life is associated with increased adiposity and other metabolic disorders later in life. It is, however, unknown whether physical activity (PA) may modify these associations. We aimed to examine whether objectively measured PA at 30 years modified the associations between conditional weight gain in infancy (0-2 y) and childhood ...

Excessive fragmentary myoclonus during sleep consists of high amounts of brief twitch-like movements occurring asynchronously and asymmetrically in different body areas and has been reported to occur in association with a number of sleep disorders. It was analyzed using a new technique of quantification, the fragmentary myoclonus index (FMI). The FMI exhibited high rates in all stages of sleep ...

Large-scale forest resource maps based on national inventory (NFI) data and airborne laser scanning may facilitate synergies between NFIs management inventories (FMIs). A comparison of models used in such a NFI-based map FMI indicate that can directly be FMIs to estimate timber volume mature spruce forests. Traditionally, have been separate activities. The increasing availability detailed provi...