This paper presents a systematic review of the dental literature that was carried out to investigate whether the regular use of fluoride supplements in non-fluoridated communities during the period of tooth development increases the risk of dental fluorosis. A MEDLINE search was organized for all documents published, in English, between January 1966 and September 1997 using the following key wo...

Two cases are presented which exhibit classical dental fluorosis in the permanent dentition which is most logically explained by the excessive intake of fluoride. The cases emphasize the narrow therapeutic range of systemic fluorides in children and the need for analyzing samples of local drinking water before caries-preventive fluoride therapy can be initiated. The potential for induction of f...

This paper assesses, by comparing recent published evidence with Dean's pioneering work, whether an increase in the milder forms of dental fluorosis may have occurred since Dean's time. To the extent that the crude comparisons of recent research with historic studies are valid, the data indicate a slight trend toward more fluorosis today than would be expected based upon findings in the late 19...

Fluoride is an essential microelement for human health. Statistically, smaller quantities (<1.0 mg/L) in drinking water are usually considered to have a beneficial effect on the rate of occurrence of dental caries, particularly among children, but excessive continuous exposure (>1.5 mg/L) to fluoride can give rise to a number of adverse effects, including dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, i...

Fluoride is soluble in water and accumulates in bone when absorbed by organism. Fluoride influences bone turnover by regulating certain factors, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which act as markers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Excessive fluoride intake can destroy the processes of bone formation and resorption, ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dental caries and its relationship with dental fluorosis, oral health behaviour and dietary behaviour among 12-year school children in moderate-fluoride drinking water community in Quetta, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Government and private schools of Quetta, from November 2012 to February 2013. METHODOL...

An observational study was conducted to determine dietary fluoride intake, diet, and prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis of school age children in three fluorosis endemic districts of the Ethiopian Rift Valley having similar concentrations of fluoride (F) in drinking water (~5 mg F/L). The duplicate plate method was used to collect foods consumed by children over 24 h from 20 households...

Present study was carried out to find out the incidence of dental fluorosis among the patients visiting conservative department of The University of Lahore, Dental College Hospital during the months of April 2009 to June 2009. Total 1678 patients were seen in the conservative department. Patients presented clinical dental fluorosis were separated and classified according to Dean’s Index of scor...

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis in 5 to 12 and 15 year-old school children in the city of Marinópolis, São Paulo, Brazil, with the purpose of obtaining a baseline data for the monitoring dental fluorosis in this population. All of the school children in the both sexes, in the mentioned ages, enrolled in educational institutions and havin...

Analogous to the neurotoxicity markers of the Kayser-Fleischer ring in the cornea in Wilson’s disease and the Burton line in the gums in chronic lead poisoning, the finding in several studies of a significant relationship between dental fluorosis and cognitive impairment indicates that dental fluorosis can be regarded as a marker for fluoride-induced cognitive impairment. As noted by Xiang et a...