We report on an experiment to explore the importance of pollinator behavior and postpollination events within flowers in generating nonrandom mating in the desert perennial Lesquerella fendleri (Brassicaceae). In this experiment, we crossed four plants with each other in all combinations. We performed these crosses in three different ways, which varied the opportunity for nonrandom mating: sing...

Zinc deficiency is not only the cause of low productivity of crops, but it also results in low zinc content in seeds, which leads to poor dietary zinc intake. To study the effect of zinc foliar application on improving plant yield and seed zinc content for human consumption, chickpea plants were raised in refined sand culture with deficient (0.2 μM) and sufficient (1μM) supply of zinc under gla...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pruning in different developmental stages on growth, development, seed yield and active substances of medicinal pumpkin (these active substances are uses for remedy the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)). The experiment was performed in a RCB design. Five pruning treatments in different developmental stages (no pruning, after 3-5 nod...

active saponin constituents from Camellia (C.) sinensis (Theaceae), we have reported the isolation and structure elucidation of theasaponins A1—A5, C1, E1—E13, F1—F3, G1, G2, and H1, 2—6) assamsaponins A—I, and camelliasaponins B1 and C1 9) from the seeds of Japanese C. sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE and Sri Lankan C. sinensis L. var. assamica PERRE, and foliatheasaponins I—V from the leaves of Japane...

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) play a key role in plant triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. Two type 1 and 2 DGATs from soybean were characterized for their functions in TAG biosynthesis and physiological roles. GmDGAT1A is highly expressed in seeds while GmDGAT2D is mainly expressed in flower tissues. They showed different expression patterns in response to biotic and abiotic stresses...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Delayed selfing is the predominant mode of autonomous self-pollination in flowering plants. However, few delayed selfing mechanisms have been documented. This research aims to explore a new delayed selfing mechanism induced by stigmatic fluid in Roscoea debilis, a small perennial ginger. METHODS Floral biology and flower visitors were surveyed. The capacity of autonomous s...

Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also called condensed tannins, can protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. Two enzymes, leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), can produce the flavan-3-ol monomers required for formation of PA polymers. We isolated and functionally characterized genes encoding both enzymes from grapevine (Viti...

This article aims examines the effect of giving Butterfly Pea (Clitora ternatea) in feed on growth various types fish and nutritional content Pea. The method used this literature study is to review several research articles use growth, parts plant. collected data then compiled into a manuscript. Various plant such as leaves, flowers, seeds contain protein, lipids, fiber, carbohydrates. largest ...

While leaf-cutter ants are thought to collect mainly vegetative plant material, they have also been observed collecting seeds or fruit parts on the forest floor (Alvarez-Buylla & Martı́nez-Ramos 1990, Kaspari 1996). For example, leafcutter ants have been observed carrying considerable numbers of Brosimum alicastrum Sw. and Cecropia spp. seeds into their nests (Wirth 1996) and Leal & Oliveira (19...

The effects of Tris-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-phosphate trihydrochloride (SK&F 7997-A(3)) on the development of 4 varieties of Pisum sativum were investigated. The compound inhibited shoot elongation of all 4 varieties by as much as 50% or more when seeds were soaked in solutions of the inhibitor for 12 hours before planting. Seed treatment also affected flowering by causing an increase in the numb...