In order to investigate the effect of humic acid (HA) and nano-calcium chelate on the cut flowers of gerbera cv. Dune, an experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications in hydroponic conditions. The first factor included humic acid at 4 concentrations of 0 (control), 500, 1000, and 2000 mg L-1 as drench and the second factor was ass...

Due to some common or similar features (e.g., small leaf, spurless, yellow flower), three Chinese species of the genus Epimedium (Berberidaceae), E. ecalcaratum, E. platypetalum, and E. campanulatum, are controversial based on morphological characteristics. In the present study, the descriptions of morphological characteristics for the three species were revised based on extensive studies and o...

Species of Rafflesiaceae possess the world's largest flowers (up to 1 meter in diameter), yet their precise evolutionary relationships have been elusive, hindering our understanding of the evolution of their extraordinary reproductive morphology. We present results of phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial, nuclear, and plastid data showing that Rafflesiaceae are derived from within Euphorbiace...

To explore uncertain aspects of the processes that maintain species boundaries, we evaluated contributions of pre- and postpollination reproductive isolation mechanisms in sympatric populations of Arnebia guttata and A. szechenyi. For this, we investigated their phylogenetic relationships, traits, microenvironments, pollinator visits, action of natural selection on floral traits, and the outcom...

We estimated genetic parameters through multivariate analysis of two species of Passiflora and their hybrids, considered of ornamental potential, based on the morphological characteristics: flower diameter, corona diameter, corona filament size, flower peduncle length, petal length and width, sepal length and width, internode length, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width (mm), and leaf ar...

Vegetation control with herbicides is a common practice in pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] orchards that benefits both non-bearing and bearing trees. However, the appropriate size for the vegetation-free area surrounding bearing trees had not been resolved. Vegetation-free circles centered on the Tree 0, 0.9, 1.8, 3.7, and 7.3m in diameter were established at planting and tree pe...

The fermented kombucha flower telang (Clitoria ternatea L) is a functional probiotic drink with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine and test the activity against S. aureus from formulation of bath soap preparations telang. research method was carried out experimentally in an vitro laboratory. made varying concentrations 20%, 30%, 40%. for bacteria used disc diffusion method....

the present study was conducted to investigate the yield and some morphological characteristics of echinacea purpurea. the experiment was conducted in research farm of the ramin agriculture and natural resources university of khuzestan during 2013- 2014. the experiment was performed as a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with four replications. the foliar a...

A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Mt. Benom Forest Reserve, Ulu Dong, Raub, Pahang, tunku-azizahiae Adam, Aizat-Juhari & Wan is described and illustrated. Cluster analysis principal component showed that R. tuanku-halimii are closely related morphologically, characterized by perigone lobes covered rows very spaced coalesced white warts, windows wholly rings warts. Score plot b...

A new fossil flower, Kajanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov, is described from the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian–early Albian) Chicalhão site near the village of Juncal, western Portugal, based on a single coalified specimen. The flower is small, actinomorphic, trimerous and bisexual, slightly compressed and with floral organs tightly adhering. The perianth is organised in more than two whorls. ...