The total kinetic energy in the atmosphere has been subdivided into four energy reservoirs. The partition of the kinetic energy is accomplished by dividing the total flow into the vertical mean flow (the barotropic corrponent) and the vertical shear flow (the baroclinic component). Each of these components is subdivided into the zonal components and the eddy components. The complete energy exch...

However, > 20 published users’ guides currently exist, and our experience shows that residents and clinicians attempting to pursue a practice that uses evidence-based medicine have 1 of 2 problems: either they try to memorise, without much success, all the questions from several of these guides, or they rely completely on small pocket cards that contain the pertinent questions and then find the...

The variation of refrigerant mass in the cylinder of refrigerator compressor has a great influence on the compressor’s thermodynamic process. In this paper, the m-θ diagram, which represents the variation of refrigerant mass in compressor cylinder (m) and the crank angle (θ), is proposed to investigate the thermodynamic process of the refrigerator compressor. Comparing with the traditional pres...

Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is a branch of Total Quality Management (TQM) that defines a quality philosophy and set the guiding principles that represent the foundation for a continuously improving organisation. Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Acceptance Sampling are the two major parts of SQC. SPC is an effective tool that aims to get and keep processes under control and ensure tha...

The current study reanalyzed 250 electrical fatalities in the construction industry from 1996 to 2002 into seven patterns based on source of electricity (power line, energized equipment, improperly installed or damaged equipment), direct contact or indirect contact through some source of injury (boom vehicle, metal bar or pipe, and other conductive material). Each fatality was coded in terms of...

A flow diagram is a graphical presentation of an energy or chemical system with its components and their interconnections through mass and energy streams. An automatic drawing algorithm of flow diagrams has been developed and presented in this article. It heuristically imitates all the procedures carried out by a designer, starting with his conceptual understanding of the system’s topological s...

Despite the importance of urban traffic flows, there are only a few theoretical approaches to determine fundamental relationships between macroscopic traffic variables such as the traffic density, the utilization, the average velocity, and the travel time. In the past, empirical measurements have primarily been described by fit functions. Here, we derive expected fundamental relationships from ...

We re-examine the thermal evolution of the postshock layer in primordial gas clouds. Comparing the time scales, we find that the evolutionary paths of postshock regions in primordial gas clouds can be basically understood in terms of the diagram drawn in the ionization degree vs temperature plane. The results obtained from the diagram are independent of the density in the case that we do not in...

Students of evidence-based medicine often try unsuccessfully to commit to memory a particular critical appraisal framework (often lengthy), or they have to depend on pocket cards and are lost without them. We have described a pedagogic aid: a flow diagram of an RCT, which has been developed over years of teaching residents. This diagram focuses on the steps in an RCT, and by drawing arrows, it ...