Proponents of increasing corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for passenger vehicles see the policy as a relatively low cost and proven way to decrease the United States’ dependence on oil and emissions of carbon dioxide (the predominant greenhouse gas). Opponents argue that CAFE standards are a costly and cumbersome way to reduce gasoline consumption, that they interfere with the ma...

This paper examines structural change in the power and heat producing sector (energy supply) and its implications for the economy. An integrated approach is used to describe the interactions between this sector and the rest of the economy. Thus, a very detailed model of the sector for Denmark has been linked to a macroeconometric model of the Danish economy. It is argued that analysing sectors ...

Fuel cells have the potential to provide environmentally-friendly sources of energy for transportation, portable, and stationary applications. Because fuel cells convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy, high efficiencies can be realized. Production of electrical power from fuel cells has several other advantages. There are no moving parts. Fuel cells operate noiselessly with no fr...

Recently, research in individual differences and in particular, learning and cognitive style, has been used as a basis to consider learner preferences in a web-based educational context. Modelling style in a web-based learning environment demands that developers build a specific framework describing how to design a variety of options for learners with different approaches to learning. In this p...

At signalized intersections, green times should be assigned to satisfy the traffic demand for all approaches. Stage-based signal control is the most common and basic control policy worldwide particularly at Japanese signalized intersections. It is defined as a signal control policy in which compatible traffic movements are grouped to move together in a specific time span within a signal cycle, ...

NICMOS foci are known to vary across detector's field of view. These variations must be taken into account when determining ''best'' focus from a particular stellar image. Focus field variations (FFV) may introduce substantial positional dependence in aperture corrections , thus they may also be important for high precision stellar photometry. In this report, we present empirical results of a s...

We report on the manufacture of a first batch of approximately 2,000 Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) using 3M’s fully automated roll to roll flexible circuit production line. This process allows low-cost, reproducible fabrication of a high volume of GEMs of dimensions up to 30×30 cm. First tests indicate that the resulting GEMs have optimal properties as radiation detectors. Production techniqu...

This paper aims at overcoming several shortcomings of previous empirical studies on the relationship between IPR protection and FD!. First of all, we use sectorally disaggregated FDI data for a large sampie of host countries. Second, we address the proposition that stronger IPR protection raises not only the quantity but also the quality of FD!. Third, we check to which extent the relationship ...

The most common investigation carried out in UK hospitals to investigate bright red rectal bleeding is a flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS). The role of flexible sigmoidoscopy in colorectal screening has not yet been fully ascertained and colonoscopy remains the investigation of choice for the diagnosis of colonic pathology. However, FS is a simple, quick, sensitive and specific investigation to diagn...