Let Σ be a compact surface of type (g, n), n > 0, obtained by removing n disjoint disks from a closed surface of genus g. Assuming χ(Σ) < 0, we show that on Σ, the set of flat metrics which have the same Laplacian spectrum of Dirichlet boundary condition is compact in the C∞ topology. This isospectral compactness extends the result of Osgood, Phillips, and Sarnak [O-P-S3] for type (0, n) surfac...

We report a large mode area photonic crystal fiber with flat-top field. The optical has multi-layer square structure air holes and doped layer. A flat top-hat-like intensity profile is provided through the reasonable design of modal characteristics including effective area, dispersion, bending loss, confinement loss field are investigated. proposed top-hat generation potential applications in l...

A rectangular rod is placed in a flow field flowing parallel to a flat plate. Effect of chord-thickness ratio of rectangular rod on developing vortex shedding downstream to the rod is studied. Then, for each one of the aspect ratios, the distance of the rod from the neighboring flat plate is reduced until the rod sticks to the flat plate. In each case, the effect of the flat plate boundary laye...

The use of IORT as a treatment modality for patients with close or positive margins has increased over the past decade. For situations where a flat area (up to 6 cm in diameter) has to be treated intraoperatively, new applicators for superficial treatment with a miniature X-ray source (INTRABEAM system) were developed. Here we report our evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of these new...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of flat foot in a population of 7-12 year old students and to investigate the relationship between flat foot and age and sex. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 945 students (460 girls and 485 boys) were examined. The presence of flatfoot and the degree of its severity according to Tachdjian's system of grading...

This study provides food security situation in India for the next two decades. As expected, total physical land will remain more or less flat in the next two decade. But net cropped area is projected to increase through higher cropping intensity. More than 70 percent of additional area is likely to switch to horticultural and permanent crops. Among crops, oilseeds such as soybeans, rapeseed, an...