Since 1970, vehicle’s exhaust pollutions have received increasing attention as a source of air pollution at both local (human health concerns) and global (global warming) scales. This study mainly discusses diesel and gasoline vehicles because, today, over 90% of vehicles on the road use gasoline and diesel fuels. The major concerns of gasoline exhaust contaminants are carbon monoxide (CO), hyd...

Online appendix figure I shows the dynamics of the effect of a change in the price of regular gasoline on the share of gasoline that is regular grade. The plot shows that a permanent increase in the regular price would increase the share of regular gasoline for at least six months. Online appendix figure II shows the distribution across households of the correlation between buying regular gasol...

Toluene is widely used as an industrial solvent and is usually produced in the processes of making gasoline. Inhaled toluene may cause genotoxicity and other adverse health effects. This study aimed to ascertain the relation between blood toluene exposure and genotoxicity, as measured by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), by comparing gasoline station workers to controls. Mean blood toluene and S...

A rise in CO2 and other greenhouse gases’ concentration from gas refinery flares and furnaces in the atmosphere causes environmental problems. In this work, a new process was designed to use waste gas (flue gas and flare gas) of a domestic gas refinery to produce pure hydrogen in a membrane reactor. In particular, the process foresees that the energy and CO2 content of flue gas can provide the ...

All states rely on gasoline taxes as one source of funds for road improvement and maintenance. Historically, gasoline usage has been roughly proportional to road usage for most light vehicles, so the gas tax could be viewed as a user charge. Increasing fuel efficiency and alternative fuel vehicles reduce both the equity of the revenue source and its growth over time. At the same time, improved ...

This paper presents a simple, rapid, reliable, and validated method suited for forensic examination of gasoline in biological samples. The proposed methodology has been applied to the investigation of four fatal cases due to gasoline poisoning that occurred in Spain in 2003 and 2004. Case histories and pathological and toxicological findings are described in order to illustrate the danger of ga...

To study the potential effects of increased biofuel use, we evaluated six representative analyses of fuel ethanol. Studies that reported negative net energy incorrectly ignored coproducts and used some obsolete data. All studies indicated that current corn ethanol technologies are much less petroleum-intensive than gasoline but have greenhouse gas emissions similar to those of gasoline. However...

One of the most important parameter for spark ignition engines is volumetric efficiency, as it directly influences specific power output. Several definitions of this parameter are studied from a theoretical point of view, taking into consideration the use of alternative fuels. The influence of using gasoline-bioethanol blends is investigated, as well as the effect of fuelling spark ignition eng...

Can the magnetic orientation of driver gas in the interplanetary medium observed at Earth be predicted when its solar source is identified? Based on the exploratory assumption that the free magnetic energy present when a coronal mass ejection (CME) is initiated is transferred almost totally to other forms of energy by the time the CME stops acceleration, the potential field model can appropriat...