abstract the role of l1 in second/foreign language learning has been the subject of much debate and controversy. this article reports on a piece of research carried out in a junior high school in isfahan, iran. this study was conducted to examine the effect of using translation from l1 to l2 on the improvement of efl learners' language accuracy. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 62 stud...

the purpose of this study was twofold. firstly, it attempted to investigate whether language learning strategies (llss) can predict foreign language (fl) proficiency. secondly, it examined what kind of llss iranian learners of english use more frequently in fl institutes. to do so, 112 intermediate iranian efl learners participated in the study. oxford’s strategy inventory for language learning...

Address correspondence to: Julio Jiménez, MD, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 007327004. E-mail: [email protected] Objective: HIV felt stigma is a major problem needing to be addressed because of its association with poor treatment adherence, decreases in help-seeking behaviors, high-risk sexual conduct, emotional discomfort, and the reduction of well-being in people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). The aim of t...

ion. Open coding means that notes and headings are written in the text while reading it” (19, p. 109). Then, categories are created, grouped, collapsed, and organized in hierarchical order. Finally, the abstraction is related to formulate a general description of the research through the use of the categories. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and a codebook was developed to perfo...

There are several reasons why this book might be of interest to a TEX user. First, LTEX has a prominent place in the book. Second, the book describes a very interesting offshoot of literate programming, a topic traditionally popular in the TEX community. Third, since a number of TEX users work with data analysis and statistics, R could be a useful tool for them. Since some TUGboat readers are l...

Mono- and multilayers of nitroazobenzene (NAB), azobenzene (AB), nitrobiphenyl (NBP), biphenyl (BP), and fluorene (FL) were covalently bonded to flat pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPF) by electrochemical reduction of their diazonium derivatives. The structure and orientation of the molecular layers were probed with ATR-FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. A hemispherical germanium ATR element used with...

The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, it attempted to investigate whether language learning strategies (LLSs) can predict foreign language (FL) proficiency. Secondly, it examined what kind of LLSs Iranian learners of English use more frequently in FL institutes. To do so, 112 intermediate Iranian EFL learners participated in the study. Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning...

1 of 2 DESCRIPTION A 61-year-old man attended the outpatient department with vague abdominal discomfort associated with left fl ank pain. After investigation, he was diagnosed with a symptomatic mesenteric cyst (MC). Ultrasound scan ( fi gure 1 ) of the abdomen revealed a 20×14×25 cm thinwalled peritoneal cyst. The cyst was laying between the spleen and the anterior aspect of the left kidney. T...