Grøstl is a SHA-3 candidate proposal. Grøstl is an iterated hash function with a compression function built from two fixed, large, distinct permutations. The design of Grøstl is transparent and based on principles very different from those used in the SHA-family. The two permutations are constructed using the wide trail design strategy, which makes it possible to give strong statements about th...

The United States of America has adopted a suite of Secure Hash Algorithms (SHAs), including four beyond SHA-1, as part of a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), namely SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. This document makes open source code performing these SHA hash functions conveniently available to the Internet community. The sample code supports input strings of arbitrary bi...

Hash functions are the most widespread among all cryptographic primitives, and are currently used in multiple cryptographic schemes and in security protocols. This paper presents a new Secure Hash Algorithm called (SHA-192). It uses a famous secure hash algorithm given by the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST).The basic design of SHA192 is to have the output length of 192.The ...

We discuss here wavelets constructed from periodic spline functions. Our approach is based on a new computational technique named Spline Harmonic Analysis (SHA). SHA to be presented is a version of harmonic analysis operating in the spaces of periodic splines of defect 1 with equidistant nodes. Discrete Fourier Transform is a special case of SHA. The continuous Fourier Analysis is the limit cas...

This is the first article analyzing the security of SHA-256 against fast collision search which considers the recent attacks by Wang et al. We show the limits of applying techniques known so far to SHA-256. Next we introduce a new type of perturbation vector which circumvents the identified limits. This new technique is then applied to the unmodified SHA-256. Exploiting the combination of Boole...

In this paper we find two near-collisions of the full compression function of SHA-0, in which up to 142 of the 160 bits of the output are equal. We also find many full collisions of 65-round reduced SHA-0, which is a large improvement to the best previous result of 35 rounds. We use the very surprising fact that the messages have many neutral bits, some of which do not affect the differences fo...

Background and Purpose: Current musculoskeletal interventions for neck pain that do not address a person’s fear avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity may have poor long-term outcomes. Research indicates a strong correlation between a person’s score on the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and risk of chronic neck and back pain. Gua sha, a traditional Chinese medical inter...

In 2007, the US National Institute for Standards and Technology announced a call for the design of a new cryptographic hash algorithm in response to the vulnerabilities identified in widely employed hash functions, such as MD5 and SHA-1. NIST received many submissions, 51 of which got accepted to the first round. At present, 5 candidates are left in the third round of the competition. An import...

BACKGROUND Short-stem total hip arthroplasty (SHA) has been increasingly used in the treatment of hip arthroplasty. However, it is unclear whether there is a superiority of SHA in periprosthetic bone remodeling over standard stem total hip arthroplasty (THA). This meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) compared the periprosthetic bone remodeling after SHA and THA. METHODS PubMed...