An analytical and numerical solution for the free vibration of laminated polymeric composite plates with different layups is studied in this paper. The governing equations of the laminated composite plates are derived from the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) and the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT). General layups are evaluated by the assumption of cross-ply and angle-p...

We consider the optimal design of composite laminates by allowing a variable stacking sequence and in-plane shape of each ply. In order to optimize both variables we rely on a decomposition technique which aggregates the constraints into one unique constraint margin function. Thanks to this approach, an exactly equivalent bi-level optimization problem is established. This problem is made up of ...

Numerical and experimental research programs have been carried out to investigate the effect of scaling on tensile strength notched composites. This paper presents a computational study scaled open-hole tests using Discrete Ply Model (DPM) method. finite element model is discrete, only small number parameters are required from characterization tests. Experimental numerical values compared here,...

We present an experimentally-based failure criterion for symmetric two-ply plain-weave laminates of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic. The criterion is formulated in terms of six force and moment stress resultants and consists of a set of three inequalities, related to in-plane, bending, and combined in-plane and bending types of failure. All failure parameters in the criterion are measured direc...

Damage in composite materials occurs at multiple scales, from matrix cracking and fiber/matrix debonding to ply delamination, and is complicated due to the different failure mechanisms interacting with the composite microstructure. Recent progress in the development of advanced techniques for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been aimed at techniques capable of sensing damage in situ and i...

BACKGROUND For patients with non-small cell lung cancer the TNM staging system and other conventional prognostic factors fail to predict accurately the outcome of treatment and survival. This study attempts to determine the prognostic value for survival of the proportions of CD4+ lymphocytes in the pleural cavity (PLY) of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Lymphocyte...

The purpose of this study is to optimize the bonding method plywood suitable for cross-laminated timber (CLT) with as a core by analyzing flexural performance and failure mode according lamina species, in longitudinal direction, whether or not adhesive applied joint. In case Douglas fir layer, modulus elasticity decreased about 11.5% due bonding, rupture increased application method. optimal co...

Intracellular killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae is complemented by induction of macrophage apoptosis. Here, we show that the toxin pneumolysin (PLY) contributes both to lysosomal/phagolysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), an upstream event programing susceptibility to apoptosis, and to apoptosis execution via a mitochondrial pathway, through distinct mechanisms. PLY is necessary but not ...

The performance of a state-of-the-art continuum damage mechanics model for interlaminar damage, coupled with a cohesive zone model for delamination is examined for failure prediction of quasi-isotropic open-hole tension laminates. Limitations of continuum representations of intra-ply damage and the effect of mesh orientation on the analysis predictions are discussed. It is shown that accurate p...