This paper provides evidence on the impact of paid leave legislation on female employment outcomes. Using a di erence-in-di erences and di erence-in-di erence-in-di erences strategy, I study the impact of two state-level programs in California and New Jersey. This paper is rst to exploit the fact that the cost of paid leave in these states is larger for rms with 50 or more employees (who are fo...

We present a new approach to automated reasoning based on di erence identi cation and reduction. Di erence identi cation is based on a generalization of uni cation so that terms are made equal not only by nding substitutions for variables but also by hiding term structure. This annotation of structural di erences serves to direct rippling, a type of rewriting designed to reduce and remove di er...

Results 156 patients were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. Th ree patients withdrew from the trial before fi nishing follow-up. Recurrent ulcer bleeding within 30 days was 10.3% in the aspirin group and 5.4% in the placebo group (diff erence, 4.9 percentage points [95% CI, −3.6 to 13.4 percentage points]). Patients who received aspirin had lower all-cause mortality rates than patient...

The technique presently used at most millimeter telescopes is the "Chopper Wheel Method" introduced by Penzias and Burrus (ARAA, 1973, 11,51), in which the output de ection of an observed source is compared with the di erence between the sky brightness and that of an ambient temperature load. The physical temperature of the absorbing atmosphere is then taken to be the same as the ambient load o...

In this work, we evaluate the performance of the left conjugate direction method (LCD) for the solution of non-symmetric systems of linear equations arising from nite element and nite di erence discretizations of the convection–di usion equation. We extend the LCD algorithm proposed by Dai and Yuan (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2004; 60:1383–1399) to accommodate restarts. Our discussion considers...

Two novel suboptimal algorithms for mutual exclusion in distributed systems are presented. One is based on the modi cation of Maekawa's grid based quorum scheme. The size of quorums is approximately p 2 p N where N is the number of sites in a network, as compared to 2 p N of the original method. The method is simple and geometrically evident. The second one is based on the idea of di erence set...

A q-di erence analog of the sixth Painlev e equation is presented. It arises as the condition for preserving the connection matrix of linear q-di erence equations, in close analogy with the monodromy preserving deformation of linear di erential equations. The continuous limit and special solutions in terms of q-hypergeometric functions are also discussed. Mathematical Subject Classi cations (19...

A computationally intensive part in a model for numerical weather forecasting solves a set of partial di erential equations. There are several techniques to obtain this solution numerically. In this paper we will discuss the implementation of a numerical weather forecasting model on a massively parallel architecture using two techniques: a nite di erence (gridpoint) method and a spectral method...

There are two major di€erences of the characteristics of the text data and image data. One di€erence is that the size of image data is usually much larger than that of text data. The other is that plain data rarely permit loss when a compression technique is used, but image data do. In this paper, we design an ecient cryptosystem for images. Our method is based on vector quantization, which is...

The dynamic range of a scene is the contrast ratio between its brightest and darkest parts Low dynamic range images usually represent pixels with pixel values ranging as integers between and High dynamic range pixels are capable of representing light quantities of one to a million and beyond and can express more exact than the usual dynamic range But it was di cult to model an object with high ...