An analysis of developing and fully developed turbulent flow was carried out when different techniques have been used in a zone close to the solid wall. In this paper, wall element technique based on the finite element method (FEM) has been adopted and compared with other techniques for determination of confined turbulent flow with a one equation model used to depict the turbulent viscosity is ...

The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a technique used in fracture mechanics to predict how objects deform as cracks form and propagate through them. Here, we propose the use of XFEM to model the deformations resulting from cutting through organ tissues. We show that XFEM has the potential for being the technique of choice for modelling tissue retraction and resection during surgery. Can...

A finite element approach for solving gas-liquid flows with mass transfer and chemical reactions is presented. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a modified k − ε turbulence model for computation of the eddy viscosity are solved by a discrete projection scheme from the family of Pressure Schur Complement methods. Additionally, the simplified two-fluid (Euler-Euler) model ba...

We propose an efficient numerical algorithm for computing deformations of “very” soft tissues (such as the brain, liver, kidney etc.), with applications to real time surgical simulation. The algorithm is based on the finite element method using the Total Lagrangian formulation, where stresses and strains are measured with respect to the original configuration. This choice allows for pre-computi...

Dean of the Graduate College iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to my parents for their confidence in me. I would like to thank them for their consistent encouragement and love. I would like to extend my gratitude to my brother and sister for their inspiration, support and love. My special thanks are due to my roommates in Nandanvan for their motivation and support during my st...

one of the most important structural components of engine compartment assembly in a car body is the srail. s-rails has significant role in absorbing energy during crash events and therefore it is designed for efficient behavior in such conditions. driving the peak crushing force of the s-rails is one of the important objectives in the design process of such structures. peak crushing force is ex...

We introduce a new, efficient approach for modelling the deformation of organs following surgical cuts, retractions, and resections. It uses the extended finite element method (XFEM), recently developed in ”fracture mechanics” for dealing with cracks in mechanical parts. XFEM eliminates the computationally-expensive remeshing that would be required if the standard finite element method (FEM) wa...

Fretting nucleation models and three-dimensional finite element analyses are used to compute the fretting fatigue life for metallic components. The models predict crack nucleation cycles and location(s). Discrete crack growth simulations provide stress intensity factor histories, with multiple, non-planar, three-dimensional cracks possible. The histories are input into crack growth rate model(s...

Carotid endarterectomy is the standard surgical procedure to remove the plaque from inside the artery. The current work is concerned with the mechanical behavior of human carotid arteries subjected to endarterectomy. A 3D tuning-fork-shaped model of the average carotid bifurcation geometry is analysed in the context of the finite element method. A patch is added in the model to cover the incise...