we evaluated the efficacy of a full-scale combined biophysicochemical system for treatingmolasses-based bioethanol wastewater in terms of organic substances, nutrient, and dark brown color removal. the main organic removal unit, i.e., the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor, achieved 80.7% removal and 4.3 nm3 methane production per cubic meter of wastewater with a hydraulic retention...

the objective of this review is to explore the link between smoking and the development of chronic kidney disease (ckd) in generally healthy populations without pre-existing renal dysfunction such as diabetic nephropathy. twenty-eight epidemiological studies concerning the renal effects of smoking in the general population were collected from the medline database and were reviewed for indicatio...

The formation of urine is a process that begins with glomerular filtration and is greatly influenced by changes in renal hemodynamics. Selective filtration of the blood is possible because of the unique characteristics of the glomerulus and renal circulation. Many factors interact to maintain a consistent blood flow allowing filtration and urine formation to continue despite systemic changes in...

background: cystic echinococcosis is an important zoonosis caused by the echinococcus granulosus with a substantial impact in human and animal health in en-demic areas. the purpose of the present study was serodiagnosis optimizing of dog echinococcosis in order to achieve a rapid diagnostic method. methods: eight dogs were challenged with protoscoleces in order to have posi-tive echinococcosis ...

background assessment of glomerular filtration rate (gfr) by common creatinine-based methods is potentially inaccurate in patients with cirrhosis. cirrhotic patients have several underlying conditions that contribute to falsely low serum creatinine concentrations, even in the presence of moderate to severe renal impairment. therefore creatinine-based methods usually overestimate true gfr in the...

The role of sialic acid in the gel-filtration behaviour of sialoglycoproteins was investigated by using the separated isoenzymes of purified human liver alpha-L-fucosidase and several other well-known sialic acid-containing glycoproteins (fetuin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, thyroglobulin and bovine submaxillary mucin). For each glycoprotein studied, gel filtration of its desialylated derivative g...

From a general deenition of nonlinear expectations, viewed as operators preserving monotonicity and constants, we derive, under rather general assumptions, the notions of conditional nonlinear expectation and nonlinear martingales. We prove that any such nonlinear martingale can be represented as the solution of a backward stochastic equation, and in particular admits continuous paths. In other...