The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) has been suggested as a candidate for mediating training adaptation in skeletal muscle. However, recent evidence rather associates HIF attenuation with a trained phenotype. For example, a muscle-specific HIF deletion increases endurance performance, partly through decreased levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK-1). HIF activity is...

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm of urinary system, which associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Globally, 573 278 new cases 212 536 related deaths were reported in 2020.1 Urothelial carcinoma (UC) frequent histologic type among BC, 75% non-muscle-invasive BCs (NMIBCs) 25% MIBCs. The definition UC urothelial-origin neoplastic cells that invade basement membrane, lami...