2014 The trajectories of neutral polarizable particles are curved by an inhomogeneous electric field. This provides a variety of methods for measuring the polarizability (03B1) of neutrals. Amongst these methods, field electron microscopy seems to have been impaired so far by a lack of precision, despite its broad potentialities. The threedimensional properties of the trajectories of polarizabl...

A technique to produce diffractive X-ray lenses optimized for high heat load applications is demonstrated. The lenses are made from single crystal silicon membranes, which have uniform thermal conductivity and homogeneous thermal expansion. Silicon Fresnel zone plates with an outermost zone width down to 30 nm were produced by means of electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. They we...

Nonlocal electrostatic interactions associated with finite solvent size and ion polarizability are investigated within the mean-field linear response theory. To this end, we introduce a field-theoretic model of a polar liquid composed of linear multipole solvent molecules and embedding polarizable ions modeled as Drude oscillators. Unlike previous dipolar Poisson-Boltzmann formulations treating...

We have developed an instrument for optically measuring carrier dynamics in thin-film materials with approximately 150 nm lateral resolution, approximately 250 fs temporal resolution and high sensitivity. This is accomplished by combining an ultrafast pump-probe laser spectroscopic technique with a near-field scanning optical microscope. A diffraction-limited pump and near-field probe configura...