Decreased fertility in dairy cows is widespread and economically undesirable. Current management strategies to prevent decreased fertility are exploiting the close relationship between negative energy balance in transition cows and subsequent decreased fertility. However, there is a continuous need for more information regarding the effects of different strategies on fertility. This thesis eval...

This paper examines the family policy reforms of 2007 in Russia that were aimed explicitly at encouraging second and higher-order births, analyses their impact on fertility. The existing empirical findings about population interventions transition economies are inconclusive, while most common argument states policies based material incentives insufficient to significantly raise real fertility a...

Approximately half the world's population now has replacement-level fertility or below. The UK experience in accommodating to a changing dependency ratio provides some generalizable insights. A mechanistic approach assuming a fixed retirement age and a need to raise fertility or increase immigration in order to maintain pensions at a fixed proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP) is overs...

The dairy industry in North America has changed dramatically with a trend in direction of larger herds and higher production per cow, which seems to be associated with a decrease in fertility, especially a decrease in conception rates and extension of calving intervals (Butler, 2000; Lucy, 2001; Stevenson, 2001) This decline in fertility of lactating dairy cows is observed not only in North Ame...

Progressive decline in fertility and sperm quality has been reported over the last few decades, especially in industrialized nations. It has been proposed that exposure to factors that induce damage in DNA of spermatogenic cells may significantly contribute to impaired fertility. Here, the (32)P-postlabelling method was used to analyze the levels of bulky DNA adducts in sperm cells in a group o...

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the impact of conditional and unconditional cash transfers (CCT and UCT) on contraception in low- and middle-income countries. Scientific and gray literature databases were searched from 1994 to 2016 and 11 papers from ten studies were included. Most of the studies had low risk of bias. Cash transfers were used for increasing school attendance or i...

Abstract In Italy, at least in the cohorts born up to beginning of twentieth century, women’s mortality post-reproductive ages was influenced by fertility, with large progenies (and, a lesser extent, childlessness) leading markedly lower survival chances. This relationship proved strong enough affect female-to-male ratio old age as fertility declined. this paper, we show that various measures e...

This study demonstrates that marital fertility varies according to mode of mate selection among the Yorubas. Data for the study were obtained from a survey conducted in two rural communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study reveals that (i) the involvement of family in choice of partner is declining in the rural communities just as it is happening among the Yorubas in the urban areas (ii) the ...