objective(s): ketotifen fumarate (kf) is a selective and noncompetitive histamine antagonist (h1-receptor) that is used topically in the treatment of allergic conditions of rhinitis and conjunctivitis. the aim of this study was to formulate and improve an ophthalmic delivery system of kf.ocular nanoparticles were prepared with the objective of reducing the frequency of administration and obtain...

BACKGROUND Food fortification is one approach for addressing anemia, but information on program effectiveness is limited. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the impact of Costa Rica's fortification program on anemia in women aged 15-45 y and children aged 1-7 y. DESIGN Reduced iron, an ineffective fortificant, was replaced by ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bisglycinate was added t...

The Thriposha programme is a community-level nutrition intervention in Sri Lanka that provides a combination of energy, protein and micronutrients as a 'ready-to-eat' cereal-based food. We measured the bioavailability of Fe and Zn from Thriposha formula at two different molar ratios of Zn:Fe in order to determine the effect on Fe and Zn absorption. Children 4-7 years (n 53) were given a meal pr...

BACKGROUND The use of microencapsulated ferrous fumarate sprinkles is a new approach for home fortification. Iron and hematologic status may affect the absorption of iron from sprinkles. OBJECTIVE The objective was to measure the absorption (corrected erythrocyte incorporation of (57)Fe) of 2 different doses of iron from sprinkles added to a maize-based complementary food provided to infants ...

There’s no clobetasone, ferrous fumarate, gentisone ear drops, metoprolol, valsartan, or mefenamic acid. These are not rare, esoteric drugs but workhorses of daily prescribing. Every day work is interrupted by news of what’s not available. Pharmacists with no stock phone the practice receptionists to tell them that patients need alternative prescriptions. The prescription for the unavailable dr...

IMPORTANCE Anemia affects most pregnant African women and is predominantly due to iron deficiency, but antenatal iron supplementation has uncertain health benefits and can increase the malaria burden. OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of antenatal iron supplementation on maternal Plasmodium infection risk, maternal iron status, and neonatal outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomiz...

background: ferrous sulfate is the most used supplement for treating anemia, but it can result in unfavorable side effects. nowadays, nanotechnology is used as a way to increase bioavailability and decrease the side effects of drugs and nutrients. this study investigates the effects of nanoparticles containing iron on blood and inflammatory markers in comparison to ferrous sulfate in anemic rat...

Escherichia coli produces two enzymes which interconvert succinate and fumarate: succinate dehydrogenase, which is adapted to an oxidative role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fumarate reductase, which catalyzes the reductive reaction more effectively and allows fumarate to function as an electron acceptor in anaerobic growth. A glycerol plus fumarate medium was devised for the selection o...

Oxidation of succinate to fumarate is an energetically difficult step in the biochemical pathway of propionate oxidation by syntrophic methanogenic cultures. Therefore, the effect of fumarate on propionate oxidation by two different propionate-oxidizing cultures was investigated. When the methanogens in a newly enriched propionate-oxidizing methanogenic culture were inhibited by bromoethanesulf...