Sorghum is a tropical grass grown primarily in semiarid and drier parts of the world, especially areas too dry for corn. Sorghum production also leaves about 58 million tons of by-products composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The low lignin content of some forage sorghums such as brown midrib makes them more digestible for ethanol production. Successful use of biomass for bi...

Corncob is a potential feedstock for biorefineries to produce cellulosic ethanol and other chemicals. Densifying lignocellulosic biomass with chemicals followed by autoclave (DLCA) has been confirmed an efficient economical pretreatment method, it was applied in the present work conversion of corncob bioethanol. The dosage sulfuric acid, solid loading biomass, time were investigated. Enzymatic ...

A new biphasic organic solvent, phenoxyethanol-maleic acid, was carried out to pretreat and fractionate vinegar residue into glucan, xylan lignin under mild conditions. Additional effects of key factors, temperature phenoxyethanol concentration, on residue, were evaluated. Under the system (0.5% maleic 60% phenoxyethanol), 140 °C cooking for 1 h, 80.91% cellulose retention in solid 75.44% hemic...

AGRICULTURAL residues such as grain straws and corn stover are abundant, readily available biomass feedstocks for the production of next generation biofuels, with collection and transport costs being a major component of their cost. Sugarcane bagasse is thus an especially attractive biomass feedstock in that it is an agricultural residue already present in large quantities at sugar and ethanol ...

BACKGROUND Saccharification and fermentation of pretreated lignocellulosic materials, such as spruce, should be performed at high solids contents in order to reduce the cost of the produced bioethanol. However, this has been shown to result in reduced ethanol yields or a complete lack of ethanol production. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results when prehydrolysis is performed at a hi...

The cultivation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates has become a challenging research topic in recent decades. Although several cultivation methods have been proposed, numerous questions have arisen regarding their industrial applications. The current work deals with a solution to this problem which has a good potential application on an industrial scale. A toxic dilute-acid hydrolyzate was c...

Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change and environmental pollution, as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources becoming more attractive. Bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil can be compatible with existing fleet of internal combustion engines. is typically produced via microbial fermentation fermentable sugars. Traditional feedstocks (first- generation) i...

1. Dextrose is not in itself injurious but rather favorable to toxin production. When added in quantities not exceeding 0.2 per cent to peptone bouillon freed from fermentable acid-producing substances (muscle sugar) it leads to a maximum accumulation of toxin by utilizing the available peptone to the best advantage. 2. The different courses taken by cultures of diphtheria bacilli in ordinary u...

In the last 20 years, mainly due to optimum fluoride exposure, and practice of good oral hygiene procedures, an important reduction in caries has been observed, despite the fact that sugar consumption was maintained and/or was increasing during the same lapse of time. A sugar-caries relationship cannot be established in most of the industrialized countries and the dietary factor is not as prepo...