Following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the most frequent cause of extension deficit and limitation of range of motion in early postoperative period is related to improper tensioning of soft tissues and failure to balance extension and flexion gaps. If a cruciate retaining (CR) prosthesis is the planned implant, then attention should be given to balancing the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL),...

Introduction: Wear particles from orthopaedic implants have been shown to affect both initial osseointegration and subsequent bone remodeling of total joint replacements (TJRs). Continued production and exposure to particles over time adversely affects bone formation and resorption, resulting in periprosthetic osteolysis. Current animal models of particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis have ...

The distal end of the femur traditionally encompasses the lower third of this bone. This zone varies greatly in the literature, from the distal 7.6 cm to the distal 15 cm of the femur. This chapter deals only with fractures that involve the supracondylar (metaphyseal) or intercondylar (epiphyseal) areas of the distal end of the femur. Distal femoral fractures that are purely diaphyseal are disc...

Objectives—To examine objectively spatial patterns of osteophytes around the distal end of the femur and to identify distinct subgroups. Methods—A sample of 107 human femora from a large skeletal population were selected for study. These femora included subjects with evidence of late stage osteoarthritis (that is, with eburnation present) and those with no such evidence. The location of osteoph...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to biomechanically and histologically evaluate the effect of bleeding from bone marrow on remodeling of the in situ frozen-thawed anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS Forty-four rabbits were used. Eight rabbits were used to evaluate the amount of bleeding at days 1-4. Thirty-six rabbits were divided into two groups, after the right anterior cruciate liga...

Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is the most common cause of hindlimb lameness in the dog, being associated with and eventually leading to stifle osteoarthritis. Canine cranial cruciate ligament disease is a gradual degeneration of the ligament extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to ligament rupture. The aetiopathogenesis of this condition is still poorly understood but several risk fact...

Disease of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) is the most common condition to affect the canine stifle joint. The postulated factors involved in the pathogenesis of CCL rupture are many and include: genetics, breed, age, gender, neutering, ischaemia, obesity, immune mechanisms, tibial plateau angle, intercondylar notch, and local biomechanics. Some of these factors have been investigated, and ...

Traumatic dislocation of the patella is classified as lateral, medial, or intra-articular according to the direction of dislocation. Lateral dislocation is the most common type of patellar dislocation, and intra-articular dislocation is rare. Intra-articular dislocation is classified as superior, inferior, or vertical dislocation. Inferior dislocation is categorized as Type I, which occurs in y...

PURPOSE Achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia, affecting more than 250 000 individuals worldwide. In these patients, the developing knee undergoes multiple anatomical changes. The purpose of this study was to characterise the intra-articular knee anatomy in children with achondroplasia who underwent knee arthroscopy. METHODS Records of achondroplasia patients who underw...