pheromones in many vertebrates. Pheromones have been found in saliva, skin gland secretions, and urine. For example, pheromones in the urine excreted from male and female rats induce various changes in gonadal function and endocrine state, including reflex ovulation in the absence of coitus and mounting, and a reduction in the oestrous cycle of female rats from 5 to 4 d, and oestrous synchrony ...

Unilateral ligation of the tendon of anterior superficial part of rat masseter muscle (TASM) leads to long-lasting allodynia. Sex differences in peripheral mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated analgesia under persistent myogenic pain are not well understood. In this study, we examined (1) whether locally applied MOR agonists attenuate persistent pain following TASM ligation in a sex dependent mann...

The ontogenic and hormonal regulation of a sulfotransferase, SULT1B1, was examined. Hepatic RNA was isolated from rats of various ages from 1 to 90 days. The mRNA for SULT1B1 is low for both sexes until a dramatic increase ( approximately 6-fold) occurs between 15 and 30 days of age in male rats. SULT1B1 expression then decreases to half of the maximal level by 90 days of age. The increase in S...

Broamadiolone is an anticoagulant, recommended as 0.005% bait for controlling rodent pests. Present study was conducted to investigate the toxicity potential of sublethal doses of bromadiolone (0.001% bait) along with blood clotting response in house rat, Rattus rattus. Mature and healthy rats of both sexes were divided into three groups. Rats of group I were fed on bait containing 0.001% broma...

background: poly cystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common female endocrine disorders. one of the side effects of pcos is oxidative stress.. here we investigated antioxidants effects of thymus vulgaris ethanoli extract on experimental pcos induced rats by estradiol-valerat (ppa). methods : wistar female rat (n=70) were divided into 7 groups including c1: an equal volume of (0.9% nacl) as ...

The objective of this study was to compare renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP) and sodium excretion in female and male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The RIHP and pressure natriuresis responses were determined in female (n=13) and male (n=8) SD rats. Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was controlled at two levels (100 and 120 mm Hg). Clearances were taken at each level and RIHP was measured w...

Introduction: Mood disorders such as anxiety and depression are common following menopause and andropause. The lack of sex steroid hormones is suggested as the primary cause of these disturbances. The level of luteinizing hormone (LH) would also rise 3-4 times than normal in these people. The potential effects of LH on mood and cognitive symptoms following menopause and andropause are not clear...

Acute and Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of Chloroform in Rats and Mice: Tatsuya KASAI, et al. Japan Bioassay Research Center—In order to better characterize acute and subchronic toxicities of chloroform and to provide its basic toxicity data for risk assessment of humans exposed to chloroform in work and living environments, mice and rats of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to chloroform ...

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (LR) or tiger milk mushroom has traditionally been used in Malaysia due to its abundant medicinal properties. The potential effects of LR on the male and female fertility teratogenicity were investigated rats. Male Sprague Dawley (10 rats/group) orally administered with 0, 250, 500 1000 mg/kg/day extract for 30 consecutive days. Female (5 received same tre...

This study investigated sex differences in responding to the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, a gamma-aminobutyric acid A antagonist) discriminative stimulus and to substitution to PTZ during ethanol withdrawal. The PTZ stimulus has served as an anxiogenic stimulus in numerous studies. Adult male and female rats were trained to discriminate PTZ (16 mg/kg i.p.) from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced ...