OBJECTIVES Tetanus, which is a vaccine preventable disease, remains a significant health concern. The mortality is especially high in elderly and farming is a significant risk factor for the disease. This study evaluates the serological immunity of tetanus and the related factors, in a farmer population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in a village located in the western pa...

This study investigates the functioning of domestic economy smallholder cotton farmers with overall aim interrogating female agency, based on ethnographic fieldwork in Burkina Faso ...

The economics of sheep-farming and its economic efficiency have been reported using field level data collected from the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan in 2005. The net return per average flock of 54 has been found Rs 25000 per year. The sheep-farming activity attracts labour employment of 581 mandays per annum, more than three-fourths of which is engaged in grazing. The female labour has been f...

Gender roles in agriculture can be quite specific, not only in view of particular labor inputs during the production cycle but also in terms of who farms and who trades certain crops. Using data collected over ten years in West Africa, this study looked at market-oriented urban vegetable production in West Africa and Ghana in particular. Gender disaggregated data on key issues such as access an...

Biodiversity-friendly farming is a growing area of discussion among farmers, as well as in government departments and non-government organizations interested in conservation on private land. Those seeking to encourage biodiversity on farms must understand the production challenges presented by wildlife. Such species destroy agricultural commodities or present threats to family, pets, or infrast...

Abstract This paper examined organic fertilizer adoption and its effects on two household food security indicators gender-based farm labor use among smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana. An endogenous switching regression analysis shows that observed unobserved farmer background factors determine farmers’ decision to adopt as well the outcomes from adoption. On average, is associated with an 1...

  Introduction: The majoritiy of abortion risk factors has been classified as environmental and vary from one place to another. This study aimed to explore the relationship between exposure to pesticides and spontaneous abortion among female pistachio farmers in Rafsanjan, Iran.   Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 women with spontaneous abortion and 50 women w...

AIMS To examine whether, and why, farmers and non-farmers differ regarding levels of anxiety and depression. METHODS The study encompassed 17 295 workers age 40-49 years, including 917 farmers, from the population-based Hordaland Health Study 1997-99 (HUSK). Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively). Self-repo...

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is unusual among eukaryotes in having both unicellular and multicellular stages. In the multicellular stage, some cells, called sentinels, ingest toxins, waste and bacteria. The sentinel cells ultimately fall away from the back of the migrating slug, thus removing these substances from the slug. However, some D. discoideum clones (called farmers) carry...