Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon in which the power output of a muscle is immediately enhanced after heavy resistance exercise. Whereas the majority of PAP research has examined males, minimal research exists as to how female athletes respond. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute PAP response of back squats on static squat jump (SSJ) performance am...

Poor portrayal and perception of female athletes has a host of negative outcomes, such as objectification of women (Daniels, 2009; Daniels & Wartena, 2011) and negative reader judgment of female athletes (Knight & Giuliano, 2001). This study examines whether the gender of the sportswriter and reader affect the perception of female athletes (in terms of athleticism, respectability and interest i...

Proper hydration is essential for both mental and physical performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if hydration education would improve hydration status in collegiate athletes. A total of 120 college athletes, 60 each male and female, 30 each served as the control group (C) and as the intervention (I) group. A pretested questionnaire was used to evaluate the hydration knowledge,...

The purpose of this multistudy paper was to explore (a) the coaching behaviors male coaches when either or female teams through a systematic observation (Study 1) and (b) coaches’ reasons for employing certain practices athletes semistructured interviews 2). Collectively, findings these two studies highlighted that coaches, consciously unconsciously, use “gender lens” coach their athletes. Stud...

Epidemiological evidence suggests that female athletes may be at a greater risk of concussion than their male counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanics of head impacts associated with diagnosed concussions in a cohort of female collegiate ice hockey players. Instrumented helmets were worn by 58 female ice hockey players from 2 NCAA programs over a three year period...

Menstrual disturbances are common among female athletes, and oral contraceptives (OCs) are often recommended as estrogen substitution. However, there is little information about the effects of OC use in athletes, and there is great concern that OCs might impair physical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OC use on body composition and physical performance in fe...

The main aim of the study was to design a new system to measure punching and kicking forces as well as reaction times in combat sport athletes. In addition, the study examined whether there were any intergender differences in the force of punches thrown by boxers and kicking forces delivered by taekwondo athletes. Boxers (male, n = 13; female, n = 7) were examined for the force of single straig...

The diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) provides a measure gas transfer in the lungs. Endurance training does not increase lung volumes or land-based athletes. However swimmers have larger lungs and better than other matched athletes controls. aim this study was to evaluate pulmonary alveoli-capillary elite aquatic athletes, specifically swimmers, artistic water polo players. participa...

The last three decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in female sports participation at all levels. However, increased sports participation of female athletes has also increased the incidence of sport-related injuries, which can be either acute trauma or overuse injuries. Overuse injuries may be defined as an imbalance caused by overly intensive training and inadequate recovery, which sub...

Limited data are available on the female athlete triad (Triad) in athletes from minority groups. We explored subclinical and clinical Triad components amongst adolescent elite Kenyan athletes (n = 61) and non-athletes (n = 49). Participants completed demographic, health, sport and menstrual history questionnaires as well as a 5-day weighed dietary record and exercise log to calculate energy ava...