Communication signals over power-line channels can be affected greatly by impulsive noise (IN). The effect of this noise is commonly reduced with the application of a nonlinear preprocessor at the receiver such as blanking or clipping that blanks and/or clips the received signal when it exceeds a certain threshold. Erroneous blanking/clipping of the unaffected signals can lead to significant pe...

— this paper offers a summary of hybrid MAC Protocols that square measure designed exploitation FDMA, TDMA and CSMA approaches, giving it the flexibility to adapt to traffic and topology changes. It adopts a TDMA/FDMA/CSMA approach to beat the downside that is facing as individual protocol exploitation single approach. ZMAC, IHMAC, IMAC, BAZ-MAC, PHMAC, ERMAC like these there square measure man...

In this paper, a comparative estimate of the channel capacity assigned to each user for frequencydivision multiple-access (FDMA) and direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) schemes operating in a Rayleigh fading channel is presented. Then, the achievable channel capacity per user (in the Shannon sense) is estimated in an average sense considering the inherent diversity potential...

The Personal Access Satellite System (PASS) strawman design, as described in the PASS Concept Study Report, (hereafter referred to as the Strawman Design) utilizes a hybrid Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)/ Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) implementation. TDMA is used for the forward direction (from Suppliers to Users), and FDMA for the return direction (from Users to Suppliers). I...

In this paper we check the performance of a GSM cellular communication system by using FDMA –TDMA system . In the present paper we evaluate the performance of the blocking probability, spectral efficiency and the bit error rate by using the a specific model. By using this we try to improve Rician and lognormal. Keywords— GSM, Multipath effect, TDMA, North-American system.

The multi-frequency time-division multiple access (MF-TDMA) has become general in satellite communications. In this paper, we developed a simulation model for MF-TDMA-based satellite networks using OPNET simulator. With the simulator, we evaluated the efficient use of DAMA schemes using MF-TDMA compared to PAMA based on FDMA.

Background . Subungual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of thumb is a rare disease. However, it the most common malignancy affecting nail bed. Early recognition crucial and important for prompt diagnosis effective treatment. Often this tumour needs to be treated surgically with wide local resection, which results in defect thumb. If not handled appropriately, such defects render restriction functi...

A full-diversity space-frequency block code (SFBC) for Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems is presented. The code is designed for 2 transmit antennas and preserves the low envelope fluctuations of SC signals. We prove the good performance of the proposed scheme over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, both in static and in high-speed mobility scenarios.