objectives: auditory brain stem response (abr) is a result of eight nerve and brain stem nuclei stimulation. several factors may affect the latencies, interpeak latencies and amplitudes in abr especially sex and age. in this study, age and sex influence on abr were studied. methods: this study was performed on 120 cases (60 males and 60 females) at akhavan rehabilitation center of university of...

In neocortex, synaptic inhibition is mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) and GABAB receptors. By using intracellular and patch-clamp recordings in slices of rat visual cortex we studied the balance of excitation and inhibition in different intracortical pathways. The study was focused on the strength of fast GABAA- and slow GABAB-mediated inhibition in interareal forward and feedback ...

in biotechnology has been concentrated to review alternative routes for the production of natural compounds. plant cell culture systems are viable alternatives for the production of secondary metabolites that are of commercial importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. however, relatively very few cultures synthesize these compounds over extended periods in amounts comparable to those fo...

BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid has a direct catabolic effect on skeletal muscle, leading to muscle atrophy, but no effective pharmacotherapy is available. We reported that clenbuterol (CB) induced masseter muscle hypertrophy and slow-to-fast myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform transition through direct muscle β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus, we hypothesized that CB would antagonize glucocortic...

Although studies suggest that fasting does not prevent the risk of “ab ingestis” respiratory disease, pre-operative oral maltodextrin seems to help reduce insulin resistance and improve post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. In our large series of patients treated with a fast-track pathway, patients were permitted to eat solids until 8 hours before surgery and ...

A 66-year-old woman with palpitations was referred to our center for catheter ablation due to drug-refractory, common type atrioventricular nodal tachycardia (AVNRT). A selective slow pathway ablation was attempted. A fast junctional rhythm with transient ventriculoatrial block followed by transient prolongation of the A-H interval occurred immediately after the radiofrequency (RF) application ...

BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of selective fast versus slow pathway ablation using radiofrequency energy and a transcatheter technique in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic AVNRT were included. There were 37 women and 12 men (mean age, 43 +/- 20 years). The first 16 patien...

if you are planning on fasting and have diabetes, it is important to speak to your diabetes healthcare team as early as possible before ramadan. for some people with diabetes, fasting can be dangerous or can cause problems to your health. your diabetes team will be able to advise you on whether it is safe for you to fast. if you are able to fast, they will advise you on how to keep good diabete...

Denervation often results in skeletal muscle atrophy. Different mechanisms seem to be involved in the determination between denervated slow and fast skeletal muscle atrophy. At the epigenetic level, miRNAs are thought to be highly involved in the pathophysiological progress of denervated muscles. We used miRNA microarrays to determine miRNA expression profiles from a typical slow muscle (soleus...