This study examined friendship quality as a possible moderator of risk factors in predicting peer victimization and bullying. Children (50 boys and 49 girls, ages 10 to 13 years) reported on the quality of their best friendship, as well as their bullying and victimization tendencies. Parents reported on their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors, in addition to bullying and victimi...

The current study examined the reciprocal associations between friendship attachment and relational experiences. Data came from a longitudinal study that assessed adolescents (N 1⁄4 223, 108 girls) in the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grades. Cross-lagged models were fitted with structural equation modeling. Results showed that attachment avoidance was consistently predictive of more friendship excl...

This study investigated the relation of friendship and emotional adjustment in adolescents. Both quantitative (popularity, mutual friendships, and number of friends) and qualitative dimensions (perceived positive friendship quality and conflict) of friendship were used. Participants were 618, mostly European American, 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. Structural equation modeling showed that posit...

For integers k > 0 and r > 0, a conditional (k, r)-coloring of a graph G is a proper k-coloring of the vertices of G such that every vertex v of degree d(v) in G is adjacent to vertices with at least min{r, d(v)} different colors. The smallest integer k for which a graph G has a conditional (k, r)-coloring is called the rth order conditional chromatic number, denoted by χr(G). For different val...