Extreme winter losses of honey bee colonies are a major threat to beekeeping but the combinations of factors underlying colony loss remain debatable. We monitored colonies in two environments (colonies wintered indoors or outdoors) and characterized the effects of two parasitic mites, seven viruses, and Nosema on honey bee colony mortality and population loss over winter. Samples were collected...

The exotic pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), established in the north central and northeastern United States (U.S.) and adjacent regions in Canada, is regulated by a federal quarantine that restricts movement of pine material during specific times of the year based on the beetle's life history. Although climatic variation occurs across T. piniperda's range, a s...

Exotic plant invasions are especially problematic because reestablishment of native perennial vegetation is rarely successful. It may be more appropriate to treat exotic plant infestations that still have some remaining native vegetation. We evaluated this restoration strategy by measuring the effects of spring burning, fall burning, fall applied imazapic, spring burning with fall applied imaza...

this experiment was conducted, to study the effect of planting time and planting density on savory (satureja sahendica bornm.) in 2012 in alborz research station, research institute of forests and rangelands, karaj, iran. the experiment was carried out in split plot in time in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replicates. the main plots were planting times in two levels ...

Weaned bison bull calves were randomly assigned to four feedlot diets in a 4 treatment by 4 periods Latin square study. The feeding periods were 80 days long during spring, summer, fall, and winter. The four dietary treatments were identified based on major ingredients in each ration: 1) wheat screenings, 2) wheat middlings, 3) crambe meal, and 4) a commercial bison ration. Winter gains were lo...

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) , the western flower thrips, is the primary insect pest of tomatoes and other vegetable crops in northern Florida and the rest of the southeastern USA. However, it is not the only flower thrips present in the region nor is it always the most abundant species. To determine the seasonal and within plant distribution of these various ...

BACKGROUND From animal studies it is known that currently used pesticides can disturb thyroid function. METHODS In the present study we investigated the thyroid function in 122 Danish greenhouse workers, to evaluate if greenhouse workers classified as highly exposed to pesticides experiences altered thyroid levels compared to greenhouse workers with lower exposure. Serum samples from the gree...

BACKGROUND Prior research has shown a transient increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after daylight savings time (DST) in the spring as well as a decrease in AMI after returning to standard time in the fall. These findings have not been verified in a broader population and if extant, may have significant public health and policy implications. METHODS We assessed chan...

BACKGROUND Recent studies reported seasonal differences in gene expression in white blood cells, adipose tissue, and inflammatory biomarkers of the immune system. There is no data on the seasonal variations of these biomarkers in the US general population of both children and adults. Then aim of this study is to explore the seasonal trends in complete blood count (CBC), and C-reactive protein (...

 Background: The phenomenon of dust is a serious environmental problem in dry and semi dry regions. It has a destructive effect for the residents of such regions. Over two-thirds of Iran is in areas of dry and semi-dry climate conditions. Methods: In this research, dust fall measurements were taken in 41 stations across Yazd city using a marble dust collector (MDCO) located in diffe...