Counterfactual conditionals are frequently used in language to express potentially valid reasoning from factually false suppositions. Counterfactuals provide two pieces of information: their literal meaning expresses a suppositional dependency between an antecedent (If the dice had been rigged…) and a consequent (… then the game would have been unfair). Their second, backgrounded meaning refers...

Recently, we introduced the framework of cycletransitivity as a general means of representing transitivity conditions on reciprocal relations. In this framework, for reciprocal relations, the concepts of T -transitivity and stochastic transitivity can be cast. The upper bound functions encountered in this framework for product-transitivity and dice-transitivity, conceptually related to the prob...

This paper introduces a new Typed Mind Map extension for a data model in a parse-tree-based online referee system with a TDD (Test-Driven Development) model and DALM (DICE adaptive learning model) model named DICE. TypedMind Maps and a semantic node are defined by OWL-DL. Typed Mind Maps are now widely used in the DICE system as a uniform data model for the system, instructors, learners and mat...

This paper introduces the concept of a single valued neutrosophic multiset (SVNM) as a generalization of an intuitionistic fuzzy multiset (IFM) and some basic operational relations of SVNMs, and then proposes the Dice similarity measure and the weighted Dice similarity measure for SVNMs and investigates their properties. Finally, the Dice similarity measure is applied to a medical diagnosis pro...

In distributed networks several nodes aim to estimate the signals broadcasted by the sources in a cooperative fashion by exchanging information among neighboring nodes. Consensus based estimation is a specific class of In-NetworkProcessing (INP) techniques and the Distributed Consensusbased Estimation (DiCE) algorithm is an efficient realization for the Least Squares (LS) estimation problem. In...

OBJECTIVE The Game Dice Task (GDT) was developed to measure decision making under known risk. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the GDT to a Brazilian population. METHOD After the GDT was translated and back-translated to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluated by eight bilingual judges, 175 Brazilian adults were divided into two groups - 160 healthy volunteers and 15 traumatic brai...