BACKGROUND The latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap has been widely used in facial reanimation surgery. However, there are no standards to what degree the muscle flap may be safely thinned because the three-dimensional positional relationship of thoracodorsal artery, vein, and nerve inside the LD muscle is poorly understood. METHODS From 18 formalin-fixed cadavers, we made 36 transparent specime...

introduction: tessier facial cleft is among the rarest facial clefts reported in literatures and there are many issues arguing about its multidisciplinary repairing techniques. tessier number 4 and 5 are extremely rare facial anomalies. there are few literatures describing these clefts and their surgical modalities. number 5 tessier cleft begins medial to oral commissure in the upper lip and ex...

BACKGROUND Platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) is a generally used technique for defect reconstruction after an oral cancer resection. The aim of the study is to present our experience using vertical PMF that sacrificed the facial artery and vein for intraoral reconstruction. METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of 54 patients who underwent vertical PMF that sacrificed the facia...

BACKGROUND Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in ENT departments. The most common complication is a haemorrhage, which incidence is estimated at 3-3.9% of all procedures. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 32-year-old female with severe bleeding 11 and 23 days after tonsillectomy. An angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery (FA), a 5 mm in diamete...

Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a rare vascular disease involving skeletal muscle, comprising only 0.8% of hemangiomas. About 10% to 15% of IMHs occur in the head and neck region, mostly involving the masseter muscle. IMH occurs mostly in childhood, but is often not found until unexpected enlargement, pain, or cosmetic asymmetry occurs in adulthood. Several non-surgical treatments including c...

A 14-year-old Thai boy presented because of a history of headache, mandibular swelling, and facial nerve palsy. A microorganism identified as Pythium insidiosum was cultured from the mandibular abscesses. Despite treatment with amphotericin B, iodides, ketoconazole, and surgery, the infection progressed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the neck revea...

Local injections of various materials to the face have become increasingly popular for cosmetic purposes. These procedures can cause serious adverse effects if they are not done properly or if they are performed with improper materials. Embolic arterial occlusion is rare but can be a devastating complication after injection in the facial area. Here we report multiple embolic occlusions involvin...