High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins belong to a group of architectural transcription factors that are overexpressed in a range of human malignancies, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. They promote anchorage-independent growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and are therefore suggested as potential therapeutic targets. Employing in vitro selection techniques against a chosen fragmen...

Liability dollarization of the domestic banking system represents a source of vulnerability for emerging market countries. The root cause is a lack of faith in the domestic currency, which ultimately stems from the belief that the government will not follow policies that promote longrun currency stability. This paper presents a model in which government myopia determines the unofficial dollariz...

This paper explores the role of exchange rate regimes in explaining deviations from the classic theory of purchasing power parity. Examining a broad panel of countries, I find that developing countries with fixed exchange rate regimes have significantly higher national price levels than those with flexible regimes. For industrial countries, the association between regimes and price levels is qu...

Introduction In organic mental disorders in people who have undergone COVID-19, it has been established that the complex use of periciazine combination with paroxetine, diazepam, 3-hydroxypyridine succinate and hyperbaric oxygenation is superior effectiveness to traditional therapy an antipsychotic drug, antidepressant anxiolytic. The inclusion succinate, this pathology corrects concentrations ...

This paper studies the effects of monetary policy rules in a monetary union. The focus of the analysis is on the interaction between the fiscal policy of member countries (regions) and the central monetary authority. When capital markets are integrated, the fiscal policy of one country will influence equilibrium wages and interest rates. Thus there are fiscal spillovers within a federation. The...

With the establishment of the euro, many commentators have drawn positive lessons from European monetary union for monetary integration in other parts of the world. This paper argues that the European experience of the 1990s is richer than a simple story of the inevitability of monetary integration. The dissolution of the Yugoslav, Czechoslovak and Soviet currency areas between 1991 and 1993 me...

Based on a classification of countries and territories according to their regime and anchor currency choice, the study considers the two major currency blocs of the present world. A nested logit regression suggests that long-term structural economic variables determine a given country’s currency bloc affiliation. The dollar bloc differs from the euro bloc in that there exists a group of countri...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients. METHODS This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Class...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. If interest rates (country spreads) rise, debt can rapidly be...

Analyses of the political economy of exchange rate policy posit that firms and individuals in different sectors of the economy have distinct policy attitudes toward the level and stability of the exchange rate. Most such approaches hypothesize that internationally exposed firms prefer more stable currencies and that producers of tradables prefer a relatively depreciated real exchange rate. As s...