In this paper we discuss methods of using the language of actions, formal languages, and grammars for qualitative conceptual linguistic modeling of companies as technological and human institutions. The main problem following the discussion is the problem to find and describe a language structure for external and internal flow of information of companies. We anticipate that the language structu...

This review article is the second of the comprehensive series on survey of the microwave photochemical and photocatalytic processes, and is focused specially on the microwave-assisted photochemical applications of the electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs) in organic synthesis. The concept of microwave organic photochemistry is an important issue in synthetic chemistry and material science, and i...

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spread to 32 countries and regions within a few months in 2003. There were 5327 SARS cases from November 2002 to May 2003 in Mainland China, which involved 29 provinces, resulted in 349 deaths, and directly caused economic losses of $18.3 billion. METHODS This study used an in-out flow model and flow mapping to visualize and explore the spat...

Instruction: Measurement of brachial artery diameter variation by ultrasound methods has commonly been used to test the endothelial function. It is known that the artery diameter is increased by flow stimulation. Therefore in the present study, the effect of external obstruction, as flow stimulation, on the radial strain of the brachial artery was assessed. Also the biomechanical behavior of...

Aerodynamics of trucks and other high sided vehicles is of significant interest in reducing road side accidents due to wind loading and in improving fuel economy. Recognizing the limitations of conventional wind tunnel testing, considerable efforts have been invested in the last decade to study vehicle aerodynamics computationally. In this paper, a three-dimensional near field flow analysis has...

OBJECTIVES Intra-aortic counterpulsation is the most frequently used cardiac assist device. However, there are only few studies of the effects of counterpulsation on cerebral blood flow and these report conflicting outcomes. The new enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) technique reproduces non-invasively the effects of intra-aortic counterpulsation. In this study, we evaluated effects of E...

Active contours, or snakes, are used extensively in computer vision and image processing applications, particularly to locate object boundaries. A new type of external force for active contours, called gradient vector flow (GVF) was introduced recently to address problems associated with initialization and poor convergence to boundary concavities. GVF is computed as a diffusion of the gradient ...

We analyze a recent experiment [Boudet, Cassagne, and Kellay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 224501 (2009)] in which the shock created by the impact of a steel ball on a flowing monolayer of glass beads is studied quantitatively. We argue that radial momentum is conserved in the process and hence show that in two dimensions the shock radius increases in time t as a power law t{1/3}. This is confirmed in...

Electric fields influence many aspects of cell physiology, including various forms of cell migration. Many cells are sensitive to electric fields, and they can migrate toward a cathode or an anode, depending on the cell type. In this Letter, we examine an actomyosin-independent mode of cell migration under electrical fields. Our theory considers a one-dimensional cell with water and ionic fluxe...