The auditing profession is a major concern for stakeholders and has been in quagmire the past years. To overcome concern, client firms must take initiative to assure that management does not put pressure on external auditors. Therefore, need part positively influencing auditors‟ independence reduce complexity of audit procedures, consequently, improve independence. Thus, determinants factors ar...

The existing data on the nature and direction of action negative air ions living organisms testify to diversity their ecological effects. least studied are issues related behavioural responses animals under these conditions. research was carried out white laboratory rats “Wistar” line, males. reactions (level quiet active wakefulness, duration sleep, food intake, manifestation aggressiveness, e...

Supply chain disruptions significantly impact businesses worldwide. Many organizations work towards improving flexibility so as to prepare for such disruptions and maintain competitive advantage. This research effort examines four activities that are associated with the contingency planning process to determine which, if any, of these processes are ultimately supportive of organizational flexib...

This empirical research paper focuses on establishing a relationship between external determinants and economic growth of Pakistan economy. Empirical analyses are carried out with time series econometric techniques using data over the period of 1977-2013. The main finding is that external determinants such as foreign remittances, foreign direct investment, and foreign imports matter from a grow...

This paper discusses the determinants of product innovation in young innovative companies (YICs) by looking at in-house and external R&D and at the acquisition of external technology in embodied and disembodied components. These inputoutput relationships are tested on a sample of innovative Italian firms. A sampleselection approach is applied. Results show that in-house R&D is linked to the pro...