In this paper, we propose a dynamical model of technology adoption for the exploitation of a renewable natural resource. Each technology has a different efficiency and environmental impact. The process of technology adoption over time is modeled through an evolutionary game employed by profit maximizing exploiters. The loss in profits due to lower efficiency levels of environmentallyfriendly te...

Pioneer species are fast-growing, short-lived gap exploiters. They are prime candidates for neutral dynamics because they contain ecologically similar species whose low adult density is likely to cause widespread recruitment limitation, which slows competitive dynamics. However, many pioneer guilds appear to be differentiated according to seed size. In this paper, we compare predictions from a ...

1. Fungus-growing ants are obligate mutualists. Their nutrient-rich fungus garden provides a valuable food store that sustains the ant hosts, but can also attract social parasites. 2. The ‘guest ant’ Megalomyrmex adamsae Longino parasitises the fungus-growing Trachymyrmex zeteki Weber queen just after nest founding. The parasitic queen infiltrates the incipient nest, builds a cavity in the fung...

Nutrient limitation determines the primary production and species composition of many ecosystems. Here we apply an adaptive dynamics approach to investigate evolution of the ecological stoichiometry of primary producers and its implications for plant-herbivore interactions. The model predicts a trade-off between the competitive ability and grazing susceptibility of primary producers, driven by ...

Public goods games have become the mathematical metaphor for game theoretical investigations of cooperative behavior in groups of interacting individuals. Cooperation is a conundrum because cooperators make a sacrifice to benefit others at some cost to themselves. Exploiters or defectors reap the benefits and forgo costs. Despite the fact that groups of cooperators outperform groups of defector...

In many ecological situations, resources are difficult to find but become more apparent to nearby searchers after one of their numbers discovers and begins to exploit them. If the discoverer cannot monopolize the resources, then others may benefit from joining the discoverer and sharing their discovery. Existing theories for this type of conspecific attraction have often used very simple rules ...

The exponential growth of the human population often causes the overexploitation of resources and disruption of ecological interactions. Here, we propose that the antagonist effect of humans on exploited species might be alleviated with the advent of a second predator species. We focused on the complex interactions between an endangered conifer (Araucaria araucana) and two seed exploiters: the ...

A vulnerability that has been discovered but is unpatched represents a security risk to a system. During the lifetime of a software system, new vulnerabilities are discovered over time. There are two opposing actors, the patch developers and the potential exploiters. An exploit can happen immediately after a disclosure, perhaps even before the disclosure if the discovery is made by a black-hat ...

Explanations of adult involvement in sex work typically adopt one of two approaches. One perspective highlights a variety of negative experiences in childhood and adolescence, including physical and sexual abuse, family instability, poverty, associations with "pimps" and other exploiters, homelessness, and drug use. An alternative account recognizes that some of these factors may be involved, b...

The author offers the new interpretative version of reading Taras Shevchenko’s triptych “Prayer” (“Molytva”). Based on memoirs, process creating is shown in detail. Shevchenko created three variants poetry sequence, and each one had character a prayer to God with requests make life happier social order fairer.
 In trace changes, which took place evolution poetic meanings piece triptych, un...