this paper develops positive mathematical programming (pmp) model to determine the optimum cropping pattern and water demand function in six regions of lower part lands of shirindarre dam in north khorasan province of iran and then estimates the expected pay for water in each region. the quantity of water supplied from such different water resources as dams, wells, and rivers in different scena...

as a result of higher crude oil prices, in one hand, it is expected that alternative energy resources consumption is increased and consumers change their behavior to decline energy intensity too. on the other hand, more alternative energy consumption can leads to a decline of crude oil aggregate demand. therefore, existence of mutual causality between crude oil price and alternative energy cons...

To solve the firm’s problem in both attentive and inattentive cases I proceed in two steps. First, I fix a perceived utility U∗ to be offered and solve for the optimal price vector and allocation which implements U∗ subject to the no-free-lunch (NFL) constraint. The price vector and allocation determine expected surplus S and true expected-utility U . Hence the first step derives an optimal mar...

Energy carriers are one of the most important inputs in the agricultural sector. These inputs have been the foundation of the development and transition of the agricultural sector from the traditional stage to the industrial stage. The energy per capita marginal consumption in Iran’s agricultural sector is 3.2 times greater than its global average. Therefore, it is essential to save and optimal...

the basic model for valuation of firm is the dividend discount model (ddm). when investors buy stocks, they expect to receive two types of cash flow: dividend in the period during which the stock is owned, and the expected sales price at the end of the period. in the extreme example, the investor keeps the stock until the company is liquidated; in such a case, the liquidating dividend becomes t...

Concavely-priced probabilistic timed automata, an extension of probabilistic timed automata, are introduced. In this paper we consider expected reachability, discounted, and average price problems for concavely-priced probabilistic timed automata for arbitrary initial states. We prove that these problems are EXPTIME-complete for probabilistic timed automata with two or more clocks and PTIME-com...

Concavely-priced probabilistic timed automata, an extension of probabilistic timed automata, are introduced. In this paper we consider expected reachability, discounted, and average price problems for concavely-priced probabilistic timed automata for arbitrary initial states. We prove that these problems are EXPTIME-complete for probabilistic timed automata with two or more clocks and PTIME-com...

the purpose of this research is investigation of application of the arbitrage pricing theory and effect of unanticipated changes in a set of macroeconomic variables such as inflation rate, money supply, exchange rate, oil price, term structure and industrial production on expected security return in tehran stock exchange. in this research, data are analyzed quarterly for the period of 1997-2008...

We study a periodic-review inventory model where, in addition to the procurement quantity, price is also a decision variable. We develop a model where demand in each period is a random variable having a priceand, possibly, period-dependent probability distribution, with the expected demand decreasing in price. The model includes price limits and "xed ordering costs in addition to unit procureme...