The brainstem auditory pathway is obligatory for all aural information. Brainstem auditory neurons must encode the level and timing of sounds, as well as their time-dependent spectral properties, the fine structure, and envelope, which are essential for sound discrimination. This study focused on envelope coding in the two cochlear nuclei of the barn owl, nucleus angularis (NA) and nucleus magn...

OBJECTIVES To develop a model that predicts the duration of mechanical ventilation and then to use this model to compare observed versus expected duration of mechanical ventilation across ICUs. DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING Eighty-six eligible ICUs at 48 U.S. hospitals. PATIENTS ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation on day 1 (n = 56,336) admitted from January 2013 ...

Due to the impacts of carbon emissions on climate change and expected dramatic increase in global cooling demand by 2050, it is a paramount importance that required energy cool buildings accurately predicted. This ensures equipment appropriately sized, which ultimately reduces consumption emissions. CIBSE ASHRAE standards are both widely adopted for load predictions, but they adopt different ca...

background: educational clinical environment has an important role in nursing students' learning. any difference between actual and expected clinical environment will decrease nursing students’ interest in clinical environments and has a negative correlation with their clinical performance.   methods : this descriptive cross-sectional study is an attempt to compare nursing students'perception o...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory progressive disease which in the absence of appropriate treatment can lead to joint destruction and disability. Prognosis of RA may be predicted based on the presence of some clinical and laboratory evidences.New criteria for classification of RA provides opportunity for earlier treatment. Initiation of treatment particularly by combination of DMARDs...

Background and purpose: Previous studies have shown that men are more sensitive to sexual infidelity, while women emotional infidelity. Studies also jealousy is evoked by the rival’s desirable characteristics. Therefore, it was assumed would be jealous of a woman with feminine face, report greater levels when presented rival masculine face. It predicted these expected differences depend on infi...

BACKGROUND As there is controversy about changes in lung function in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), lung mechanics were assessed with a focus on expiratory airflow in relation to pulmonary haemodynamics. METHODS A cross sectional study was performed in 64 controls and 171 patients with PPH (117 women) of mean (SD) age 45 (13) years, pulmonary artery pressure (PAPmean) 57 (15) mm Hg, an...

INTRODUCTION The Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) sets further obligations for manufacturers, importers, distributors, downstream users of substances either on their own or in mixtures. According to the European mandate, each Member State has constituted its National Helpdesk to provide advice to the interested parties on ...

TV image is a subject of increasing interest due to the progress of the new technologies and fabrication of high resolution long range and fast microprocessors. A new technique for TV image tracking; advanced predicted window technique (APWT), is proposed. In this technique the tracking window is positioned at an advanced (predicted) position of the target moving center in a noisy background. I...