We discuss the expectancy-value theory of motivation, focusing on an expectancy-value model developed and researched by Eccles, Wigfield, and their colleagues. Definitions of crucial constructs in the model, including ability beliefs, expectancies for success, and the components of subjective task values, are provided. These definitions are compared to those of related constructs, including sel...

We used an expectancy theory framework to predict rating inflation. Managers (N=106) provided confidential ratings of subordinates as well as measures of rating goals, valences and instrumentalities. Rating inflation (operationalized in terms of differences between confidential ratings and public ratings obtained from personnel files) varied as a function of ratee performance levels, with highe...

Purpose Academic research has supported the belief that consumers undertip minority race service workers due to implicit racial biases. However, there been less focus in examining possible moderating factors. This paper aims fill this gap by analyzing role of direct and indirect experience tipping frontline from a background. Given prominence customer ratings on digital platforms perception Afr...