The dual-fuel diesel engine (D.F.D.E) is a conventional diesel engine in which much of the energy released, hence power, comes from the combustion of gaseous fuel such as natural gas. The exhaust emission characteristics of the D.F.D.E needs further refinements, particularly in terms of reduction of Unburnt Hydrocarbons (U7HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emission, because the concentration of thes...

Implementation of new emissions regulations calls for a reassessment the levels newly built ships sailing in Chinese regions. In this paper, marine diesel engines are subjected to bench tests using high-precision testing equipment. A total 135 meeting Limits and Measurement Methods Exhaust Pollutants from Marine Engines (CHINA I/II) were first systematically analyzed. The emission factors main ...

It is not surprising that air quality in vehicle cabins is usually found to be worse than that typically found in homes or workplaces, especially when so many exhaust pipes are only inches away from adjacent vehicles. Pollutants find their way into the cabin via the ventilation system, also known as the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Independent studies [1–3] have show...

Structural inequalities provide an important context for understanding and responding to the impact of high traffic densities on disadvantaged neighborhoods. Emerging atmospheric science and epidemiological research indicates hazardous vehicle-related pollutants (e.g., diesel exhaust) are highly concentrated near major roadways, and the prevalence of respiratory ailments and mortality are heigh...

UNLABELLED Indoor air pollutants are a potential cause of building related symptoms and can be reduced by increasing ventilation rates. Indoor carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration is an approximate surrogate for concentrations of occupant-generated pollutants and for ventilation rate per occupant. Using the US EPA 100 office-building BASE Study dataset, we conducted multivariate logistic regres...

As ambient concentrations of urban particulate matter (PM) increase, more people end up in hospital due to heart attacks, and more people suffer sudden death even prior to getting help from cardiologists. This is one of the many current conclusions from an exponentially growing transdisciplinary research agenda on air quality and health. The annual output of .2000 peerreviewed publications is n...

Traffic-related air pollution is one of the most relevant environmental problems in urban areas. Several cryptogams (i.e., lichens and mosses) vascular species have been employed to monitor since they allow assessment quality a large number sampling sites simultaneously at low cost. In cities, vehicle emissions are frequently major source along with residential energy (for cooking heating), ind...

There is growing evidence to demonstrate that air pollution affecting invertebrates both directly (e.g., causing physiological stress responses) and indirectly via changes in host plant chemistry and/or by disruption of communication volatile odours). Many the studies to-date have focused upon winged insects in-flight foraging. Therefore, this study we investigated how community composition pre...