This Article provides an analytical framework for assessing state regulation regarding lay ownership of healthcare entities. The author suggests there are three categories of state regulation restraining lay ownership, each focused on a particular stakeholder in healthcare transactions: provider, patient, and payor. These regulatory paradigms are analyzed through a discussion of three state app...

A cell can be seen as an adaptive autonomous agent or as a society of adaptive autonomous agents, where each can exhibit a particular behaviour depending on its cognitive capabilities. We present an intracellular signalling model obtained by integrating several computational techniques into an agent-based paradigm. Cellulat, the model, takes into account two essential aspects of the intracellul...

We introduce uniform versions of monotone and deep inference proof systems in the setting of bounded arithmetic, relating the size of propositional proofs to forms of proof-theoretic strength in weak fragments of arithmetic. This continues the recent program of studying the complexity of propositional deep inference. In particular this work is inspired by previous work where proofs of the propo...

Despite a wealth of studies exemplifying the utility of the 2-5 keV X-ray range in speciation and electronic structure elucidation, the exploitation of this energy regime for the study of photochemical processes has not been forthcoming. Herein, a new endstation set-up for in situ photochemical soft X-ray spectroscopy in the 2-5 keV energy region at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsourc...

One of the important goals of the Computer Science curriculum at Utrecht University is to familiarize students with abstract programming concepts such as, for example, partial evaluation and deforestation. A course on grammars and parsing offers excellent possibilities for exemplifying and introducing such concepts. We have developed a course that exemplifies higher-order functions and lazy eva...

A new approach to optically active N-methylamino acids is presented, relying on stereoselective reduction of N-methylisoxazolinium salts with a dioxyethyl side-chain. The diastereoselectivity of the reduction step is studied systematically, in comparison with that of respective isoxazolines. A two-step transformation of isoxazolinium salts – with NaBH3(OAc) and subsequent catalytic hydrogenatio...

Influenza A viruses exist within their natural host, aquatic birds, in a number of antigenic subtypes. Only a few of these subtypes have successfully crossed into other avian and mammalian hosts. This brief review will focus on just three examples of viruses that have successfully passed between species; avian H5NI1 and H9N2 viruses and H3N2 viruses which have transmitted from aquatic birds to ...

The possibility that the mass hierarchy is intimately associated with the compositeness level of the matters is proposed in supersymmetric gauge theory. This implies, for instance, that the preons constituting top quark consists of the “prepreons” binded by the same gauge force making the charm quark out of another preons. The exemplifying toy model illustrates how the hierarchy in the yukawa c...

In this paper we present a novel approach for patternconstrained test case generation. The generation of test cases with known characteristics is usually a non-trivial task. In contrast, the proposed method allows for a transparent and intuitive modeling of the relations contained in the test data. For the presented approach, we utilize a general-purpose data generator: It relies on easy to und...

ABSTRACT Postinfectious arthritis is a relatively often encountered in pediatric practice. The authors present the most important data concerneing this pathology, with up to date informations exemplifying with case presentations. Clinical cases bring to attention the most common forms of postinfectious arthritis (reactive arthritis, postinfectious arthritis bacterial, viral, spirochete, and so ...