Two-dimensional geographical information systems are extensively used in the geosciences to create and analyse maps. However, these systems are unable to represent the Earth’s subsurface in three spatial dimensions. The objective of this thesis is to overcome this deficiency, to provide a general framework for a 3d geoscience information system (GIS), and to contribute to the public discussion ...

14 The Geological Surveying and Investigation in 3 Dimensions (GSI3D) software tool and 15 methodology has been developed over the last 15 years. Since 2001 this has been in 16 cooperation with the British Geological Survey (BGS). To-date over a hundred BGS 17 geologists have learned to use the software that is now routinely deployed in building 18 systematic and commercial 3D geological models...

This work describes the implementation of the INSPIRE Geology data model (INSPIRE GE) for digital geological map production at the Portuguese Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNEG). The process of harmonising geological mapping data involves the restructuring of the LNEG’s current data model into the extended INSPIRE GE, which aims a more efficient, interoperable and harmonized management data...

Three-dimensional modeling of geological bodies is a useful tool for multiple applications. Such tasks are usually accomplished starting from fieldcollected data, which typically suffer from intrinsic limitations such as accessibility constraints and punctuality of data collected. In this work, we explore the reliability of photo-geological mapping from interpretation of aerial photographs in p...

A sequence of earthquakes occurred in 2008 in the Meruoca granitic pluton, located in the northwestern part of the Borborema Province, NE Brazil. A seismological study defined the seismic activity occurring along the seismically-defined Riacho Fundo fault, a 081° striking, 8 km deep structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between this seismic activity and geologica...

The technique of 3D geological modeling (3DGM) is an effective tool for representing complex geological objects. In order to improve the accuracy of geological models applied in numerical simulation methods such as finite elements and finite differences, we can use 3DGM as a modeling tool. To do this, however, 3DGMmust provide the ability to model geological and artificial objects in a unified ...

Reservoir simulation is ubiquitous in the petroleum industry, and conditioning models to production data (history matching) has become an essential job of reservoir engineers. Traditional history matching methods directly perturb reservoir properties without regard to the existing geological continuity. When the geological heterogeneity is destroyed, the result is often a history-matched model ...

Based on unascertained measurement theory, a comprehensive evaluation method to propose the vulnerability of regional geological disasters was presented in this paper. The function of unascertained measure of all evaluation indexes was established, the weights for indexes was calculated by entropy weight theory, and a result of the vulnerability of regional geological disasters has been carried...

The exploration of geological composition, e.g. underground flow path, is a significant step for oil and gas search. However, to extract the structural geological composition from the volume, neither the classic volume exploration methods, e.g. transfer function design, nor the traditional volume cut algorithms can be directly used due to its three natural properties, various compositions, disc...