Experimental investigations of eukaryotic enhancers suggest that multiple binding sites and trans-acting regulatory factors are often required for wild-type enhancer function. Genetic analysis of the stripe 2 enhancer of even-skipped (eve), an important developmental gene in Drosophila, provides support for this view. Given the importance of even-skipped expression in early Drosophila developme...

In the polyomavirus (Py)-transformed rat cell line designated LPT, replication of the integrated Py DNA can be induced by exposure of the cells to carcinogens. In view of the observation that enhancer elements are essential components of the Py origin of replication, it appeared plausible that the induction is triggered by synthesis or modification of an enhancer-binding protein which is requir...

The identification of mutations in the SRY-related SOX9 gene in patients with campomelic dysplasia, a severe skeletal malformation syndrome, and the abundant expression of Sox9 in mouse chondroprogenitor cells and fully differentiated chondrocytes during embryonic development have suggested the hypothesis that SOX9 might play a role in chondrogenesis. Our previous experiments with the gene (Col...

Aptamers, or single stranded oligonucleotides, are produced by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, abbreviated as SELEX. In the amplification and regeneration step of SELEX technique, dsDNA is conversed to ssDNA. Asymmetric PCR is one of the methods used for the generation of ssDNA. The purpose of this study was to design a random DNA library for selection of aptamers wit...

The activity of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene enhancer is increased by activators of the protein kinase C pathway during T-cell activation. Analysis of mutant enhancer constructs identified two elements, beta E2 and beta E3, conferring phorbol ester inducibility. Multimerized beta E2 acted in isolation as a phorbol ester-responsive element. Both beta E2 and beta E3, which contain a consen...

Finding communities in evolving networks is a difficult task and raises issues different from the classic static detection case. We introduce an approach based on the recent vertex-centred paradigm. The proposed algorithm, named DynLOCNeSs, detects communities by scanning and evaluating each vertex neighbourhood by means of a preference measure, using these preferences to handle community chang...

One potential reason for bubbles evolving prior to the financial crisis was excessive risk taking stemming from option-like incentive schemes in financial institutions. By running laboratory asset markets, we investigate the impact of option-like incentives on price formation and trading behavior. The main results are that (i) we observe significantly higher market prices with option-like incen...

We study the problem of determining the proper aggregation granularity for a stream of time-stamped edges. Such streams are used to build time-evolving networks, which are subsequently used to study topics such as network growth. Currently, aggregation lengths are chosen arbitrarily, based on intuition or convenience. We describe ADAGE, which detects the appropriate aggregation intervals from s...

The pharyngeal muscles of Caenorhabditis elegans are single sarcomere muscles used for feeding. Like vertebrate cardiac and smooth muscles, C. elegans pharyngeal muscle does not express any of the known members of the MyoD family of myogenic factors. To identify mechanisms regulating gene expression in this tissue, we have characterized a pharyngeal muscle-specific enhancer from myo-2, a myosin...

A cDNA clone encoding a thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP) was isolated from a rat thyroid-derived FRTL-5 cell lambda gt 11 expression library, using a double-stranded oligonucleotide probe. This oligonucleotide was previously demonstrated to have the strongest binding affinity among three cis-acting DNA elements within the thyroid-specific enhancer region located 5.5 kbp upstrea...