Recent natural or man-made disasters around the world have provided compelling evidence that transportation system plays a crucial role in the emergency evacuation and have stressed the need for effective evacuation traffic management to maximize the utilization of the transportation system and to minimize fatalities and losses. This paper presents a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) fram...

When a natural disaster occurred, some roads cannot be used anymore and sometimes blocked. Also, survivors and refugees cannot follow the evacuation procedures by just using default maps after disaster. A previous study proposed a safety route guidance system that can be used after natural disasters by using participatory sensing. The system estimates safe routes and generates an evacuation map...

Building evacuation analysis has recently received increasing attention, as people are keen to assess the safety of occupants. Reports on past disasters indicate that human behavior characterizes evacuation during emergencies. The understanding and modeling of human behavior enable improved design of evacuation plans to better reflect the needs of occupants — for example, to reduce evacuation t...

We study a class of pedestrian evacuation process in rooms without visibility by analytical and simulative methods. First, the moving distance of pedestrians for leaving the rooms is analyzed using the mean and variance theory. A microscopic pedestrian model is then extended to simulate pedestrian evacuation in the rooms. By numerical examples, the distributions of single individual’s evacuatio...

In the decision-making process of city emergency evacuation, due to limited resources and time, and changing situation, it is difficult to make emergency decision accurately and efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, the city emergency evacuation decisionmaking model based on extended OODA loop is constructed. Through task determination and task allocation of emergency evacuation, the emergency...

This paper deals with various aspects of ship evacuation: Guidelines, Simulation, Validation, and Acceptance Criteria. The paper is structured along those aspects. The first chapter deals with general aspects of ship evacuation, like environmental influences, ship motion, the special procedures on board ships, etc. The second chapter covers the guidelines applicable to evacuation analyses for p...

OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of 400 mcg sublingual misoprost as an adjunct to suction evacuation in first trimester pregnancy termination. METHOD(S) During the study period of January2006-June 2007, two hundred twenty-one pregnant women wanting first trimester pregnancy termination were randomised into two groups. In the study group of one hundred twenty-one women, sublingual misopros...

Incorporating the temporal element into traditional GIS is a challenge that has been researched for many years and has many proposed solutions. The implemented system “Extended Dynamic GIS” or EDGIS is based on the “geo-atom” and Space Time Point (STP). EDGIS provides a platform for spatiotemporal data representation, storage, and query in order to address the need for a dynamic GIS to manage c...

Grouping behaviour occurs often in crowd evacuation. On the one hand, groups are needed for efficient evacuation. On the other hand, large uncontrolled groups (herds) may cause clogging and increase panic. The mechanisms of emergence of leaders and groups in complex socio-technical systems with intelligent technical components are not well understood. This paper presents the first attempt to un...

This paper presents a stochastic model for emergency evacuation simulation such as for a subway station. The model, MCEVAC was developed using Monte Carlo and a macro-simulation technique; the model includes a number of random variables, such as occupant load, initial occupant load, and pre-evacuation time. A random event of a train fire including fire location, fire growth rate, and the effect...