The last fifteen years have witnessed a significant increase in investment in research ethics capacity development throughout the world. We examine nine research ethics training programs that are focused on Sub-Saharan Africa and supported by the US National Institutes of Health. We collected data from grants awards' documents and annual reports supplemented by questionnaires completed by the t...

in this paper, the writers try to compare two authors, the iranian leftist, bozorg alavi (1904-1997) and the polish joseph conrad (1857-1924). although these two writers have different attitudes to socialism and the question of revolution, both share romantic idealism and a tragic sense of personal and social life. moreover, they both are precursors of modernist novel in their countries, and sh...

Euthanasia is one of the controversial topics in current medical ethics. Among the six well-known types of euthanasia, passive voluntary euthanasia (PVE) seems to be more plausible in comparison with other types, from the moral point of view. According to the Kantian framework, ethical features come from 'reason'. Maxims are formulated as categorical imperative which has three different version...

The need to design and develop artificial intelligence (AI) in a sustainable manner has motivated researchers, institutions, organizations formulate suggestions for AI ethics. Although these cover various topics address diverse audiences, they share the presupposition that ethics provides generalizable basis designers is applicable their work. We propose one of reasons influence current ethical...

Public health ethics is a field that covers both factual and ethical issues in health policy and science, and has positive obligations to improve the well-being of populations and reduce social inequalities. It is obvious that various philosophies and moral theories can differently shape the framework of public health ethics. For this reason, the present study reviewed theories of justice in or...

INTRODUCTION Smoking rates among individuals in treatment for opioid addiction are close to five times that of the general public. Moreover, drug-addicted smokers have a premature mortality rate four times greater than drug-addicted non-smokers. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether contingency management (CM) can be successfully added to evidence-based stop smoking treatment i...