Production calendars for most swine farms are based upon the reproductive cycle of sows and gilts. The key reproductive event that determines when females begin their reproductive cycles is the onset of estrus. Estrus normally occurs spontaneously in gilts and mature females that are not pregnant or lactating. Once estrous cycles have begun, they normally occur every 18 to 21 days. From a produ...

Application of AI in extensive beef cattle production would be facilitated by protocols that effectively synchronize ovarian follicular development and ovulation to enable fixed-time AI (TAI). The objectives were to determine whether use of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device to administer progesterone in a GnRH-based estrous synchronization protocol would optimize blood progestero...

Experiments were designed to investigate the effect of different doses and timing of an eCG treatment given during GnRH-based synchronization protocols on follicular dynamics and fertility in cattle. In Exp. 1, Angus heifers (n = 50) received a 7-d Ovsynch + progesterone protocol (on d 0, GnRH and progesterone insert were administered; on d 7, progesterone insert was removed and PGF2α was injec...

Abstract Vaginal pH and microbiome have been reported to influence fertility in women. In cattle, estrous synchronization protocols are a great tool overcome infertility; however, the effects of hormones administered protocol on vaginal unknown. A total 24 cows were enrolled 7-d Co-Synch + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) had individual flushes collected during handling events days 0, 7 ...

Reproductive efficiency is a crucial factor in the economic viability of small ruminant exploitation. In spite this, few producers utilize available reproductive technologies related to hormonal interaction, which are vital for sustainability their operations. Therefore, this review aimed investigate potential effects alterations and hormone interactions during pregnancy lactation determine adv...