Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been reported to be at increased risk of a number of gynecological neoplasias, including endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancer. The data supporting an increased risk is almost entirely inferential, based primarily on small case series or shared risk factors. One of the difficulties in exploring the association between these cancers and PCOS, is...

Recently, estrogen has been reported as putatively inhibiting cancer cell invasion and motility. This information is in direct contrast to the paradigm of estrogen as a tumor promoter. However, data suggests that the effects of estrogen are modulated by the receptor isoform with which it interacts. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the role of estrogen in potentially suppressing breas...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent in Nigerian male population, similar to other black populations. It postulated that exposure endogenous or environmental steroids prompts prostatic mediated changes via steroid receptors as well a decrease androgen/estrogen ratio and aging. Thereby contributing carcinogenesis disease progression. This study aimed determine plasma levels of testosteron...

Recent advances in the understanding of molecular underpinnings metastatic breast cancer have led to identification novel therapeutic targets. The latest update NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer reflects a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, highlighting growing importance combination therapies and personalized medicine managing estrogen-receptor (ER)–positive, HER2-positive, triple-negative ...

Prolactin is important in human breast development, and substantial laboratory and in vitro data suggest a role in mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, we conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort to examine, in detail, the association between plasma prolactin concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer by cancer invasiveness, estrogen receptor/p...

Summary Diagnosis and decision-making in the treatment of breast cancer patients is vastly dependent on exploration biomarkers. Estrogen receptor, progesterone human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 are long-standing biomarkers, which determine subtype. In current practice, gene expression analyses further define molecular subtype give additional information disease characteristics. Prognosti...

Estrogen and progesterone are the defining hormones of normal female development, and both play critical roles in breast carcinogenesis. Cyclin D1 is a breast cancer oncogene whose amplification is linked to poor prognosis in estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancers. Here we report that cyclin D1 regulates progesterone receptor expression, consequently enhancing responses to e...

Hormones play an important role in pathophysiology. The hormone receptors, such as estrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor in breast cancer and prostate cancer, are critical to cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. In this review we focused on the cross-talk between hormone and hypoxia pathways, particularly in breast cancer. We delineated a novel signaling pathway from estrogen rec...

PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to determine whether estrogen receptor alpha specifically phosphorylated at Ser(118) is associated with clinical outcome in primary breast tumors from estrogen receptor-positive and node-negative breast cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Estrogen receptor alpha specifically phosphorylated at Ser(118) was determined by immunohistochemistry in 117 prim...