BACKGROUND Attempts to improve the tolerability of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have included the substitution of ethinylestradiol (EE) with 17beta-estradiol (E2). However, this has proved unsatisfactory, specifically in terms of cycle control. To improve upon the poor cycle control seen previously, E2 [in the form of estradiol valerate (E2V); 1 mg of E2V contains 0.76 mg of E2] was comb...

BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives are still associated with high discontinuation rates, despite their efficacy. There is a wide choice of oral contraceptives available, and the aim of this study was to assess continuation rates, bleeding profile acceptability, and the satisfaction of women in the first year of using a contraceptive pill containing estradiol valerate and dienogest (E2V/DNG) versus ...

A derivative UV spectrophotometric method for determination of estradiol valerate in tablets was validated. The parameters specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were studied according to validation guidelines. The first-order derivative spectra were obtained at N = 5, ∆λ = 4.0 nm, and determinations were made at 270 nm. The method showed speci...

introduction: obesity and visceral fat accumulation after menopause are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. we investigated the interactive effect of aerobic-resistance training and estrogen replacement therapy on visceral fat, omentin-1 and homa-ir in ovariectomized rats. materials and methods: fifty female wistar rats were ovariectomized (ovx) and divided into 5 gr...

Introduction: The angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) Mas receptor (MasR) axis, bradykinin (BK) and female sex hormone are involved in releasing of vasodilatory biomarkers including Nitric Oxide (NO). We examined the role of MasR and BK on NO metabolite (nitrite) production response to Ang 1-7 infusion in ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol. Methods: A total of 48 female Wistar rats were divided i...