Drug trade-related violence has escalated dramatically in Mexico during the past five years, claiming over 40,000 lives. This study examines how drug traffickers’ economic objectives influence the direct and spillover effects of Mexican policy towards the drug trade. By exploiting variation from close mayoral elections and a network model of drug trafficking, the study develops three sets of re...

Introduction. The article provides criminological characteristics of drug trafficking in the region responsibility member states Collective Security Treaty Organization (hereinafter referred to as Organization, CSTO). This characteristic reflects one main problems - constantly growing trafficking, source which is territory Afghanistan. It indicated that an important actor international law enfo...

Cryptomarkets are online marketplaces, located on the darknet, that facilitate the trading of a variety of illegal goods, mostly drugs. While the literature essentially focus on drugs, various other goods and products related to financial or identity fraud, firearms, counterfeit goods, as well as doping products are also offered on these marketplaces. Through the analysis of relevant data colle...

I study how industrial development and employment in an emerging economy are affected by urban violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich longitudinal plant-level data covering all of Mexico from 2005–2010, exploiting plausibly exogenous spatiotemporal variation homicide rates during the outbreak drug-trade related Mexico, commonly referred as Mexican Drug War, show that a violent environ...

P-glycoprotein (Pgp; ABCB1/MDR1) is a major efflux transporter at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), restricting the penetration of various compounds. In other tissues, trafficking of Pgp from subcellular stores to the cell surface has been demonstrated and may constitute a rapid way of the cell to respond to toxic compounds by functional membrane insertion of the transporter. It is not known wheth...

An intelligence unit operates in accordance to three levels prescribed by the NIM, which is a policing model introduced by the Home Office in 2000. The NIM employs a robust management of intelligence to create a clear picture of all policing issues at local, regional and national level enabling managers to make informed decisions about what their strategic priorities are, manage identified risk...

abstract tehran, the largest metropolis of iran, due to specific physical, demographical, social, economical and cultural situations generates larger crime rate than other cities of iran. in central business district of tehran, which sits in the area no.12, and no.11 of tehran municipality, crime occurs more than other part of the city. this paper aimed at identifying the spatial distribution o...