Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites from Leishmania genus. Currently, there are no effective vaccines available and the available therapies are far from ideal. In particular, the development of new therapeutic strategies to reduce the infection caused by Leishmania amazonensis could be considered desirable. Different plant-derived products have demonstr...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME) value, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) of soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and the application of these products in early-weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, four barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 14.2±1.4 kg were used in a 4×4 Latin square desi...

Greater postruminal flows of protein increase small intestinal starch digestion in cattle. Our objective was to determine if small intestinal starch digestion is increased by duodenal supplementation of AA. We fed 5 duodenally and ileally cannulated steers a low-starch soybean hull-based diet in 5 × 5 Latin square designs and provided continuous duodenal infusion of raw cornstarch in combinatio...

OBJECTIVES Hypertension is one of the major cardiovascular diseases. It affects nearly 1.56 billion people worldwide. The present study is about a particular genetic polymorphism (A1166C), gene expression and protein expression of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) (SNP ID: rs5186) and its association with essential hypertension in a Northern Indian population. METHODS We analyzed the ...

Metabolism in the mammary gland was related to changes in milk output in response to changes in dietary protein intake. Three diets of grass silage and concentrate were fed to four lactating dairy cows equipped with intravascular catheters across the mammary gland. Concentrates differed in the inclusion of protected soybean meal and provided 11.3, 15.4, and 20.1% CP, respectively. Blood samples...

The defining characteristic of anautogenous mosquitoes is their requirement for a blood meal to initiate reproduction. The need for blood drives the association of vector and host, and is the primary reason why anautogenous mosquitoes are effective disease vectors. During mosquito vitellogenesis, a key process in reproduction, yolk protein precursor (YPP) gene expression is activated specifical...

Background: Alternaria alternata (AA) is a fungus that has wide range of plant host and can cause diseases in humans and produces a number of mycotoxins. Exposure to high numbers of AA spores can trigger severe asthma exacerbations. Resistance to antifungal drug has been shown in this species. Trachyspermum copticum (Ajowan) is an annual herbaceous essential oil )EO) bearing plant . The ripenin...

Nutritional value of freshwater mesozooplankton, fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) compositions were determined in the middle of each season for a one-year period from May 2009 to February 2010 in Hanna Dam Lake, Isfahan, Iran. FA and AA composition significantly (P < 0.05) varied in relation to the seasonal changes of water quality, phytoplankton and zooplankton community. The content of sat...

The effects of sucrose and amino acid (aa) composition and concentration in meridic larval diets (e.g., partially defined at the chemical level) was examined on several parameters of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) development. Lipid and protein levels of pupating larvae and emerging adults were examined. Different sucrose concentrations in the diet had small effects upon most of the developme...

Autophagy plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis in kidney. Previous studies have found that aristolochic acid (AA) can induce autophagy of renal tubular epithelial cells and epithelial-to-myofibroblast transition (EMT). However, the relationship between AA-induced autophagy and EMT is unclear. Our results showed that, after AA stimulation, the appearance of autophagy preceded EMT. Aut...